宁夏灌区春玉米产量、光合特性及荧光参数对磷素用量的响应  

Response Pattern of Spring Maize Yield,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fluorescence Parameters to Phosphorus Dosage in Ningxia Irrigation Area

作　　者：洪自强 张正珍 王佳 周甜 李翻过 苏明 吴宏亮[1] 康建宏[1] HONG Ziqiang;ZHANG Zhengzhen;WANG Jia;ZHOU Tian;LI Fanguo;SU Ming;WU Hongliang;KANG Jianhong(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Seed Workstation,Yinchuan 750001,China;Agricultural Technology Station of Hongguozi Town,Pingluo 753400,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏回族自治区种子工作站,宁夏银川750001 [3]平罗县红果子镇农技站,宁夏平罗753400

出　　处：《华北农学报》2024年第6期163-175,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：宁夏高质量发展与生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-3-02);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021AAC03072);宁夏区重点研发项目(2019BBF02003);宁夏粮食作物种质创制与生长调控科技创新团队项目(2022BSB03109)。

摘　　要：研究水肥一体化下不同施磷量对玉米光合特性、荧光参数及产量的影响,为宁夏地区玉米磷肥高效施用提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验于2019-2020年在宁夏银川平吉堡农场开展,设6个磷素水平,依次为0,60,120,180,240,300 kg/hm^(2),分别记为P0、P1、P2、P3、P4、P5。分析不同磷肥处理下春玉米叶片光合特性和荧光参数的变化规律及其与产量之间的相互关系。2 a大喇叭口期,P3较其他处理,叶面积指数(LAI)分别提高了4.21%~12.78%,4.68%~15.60%。磷肥用量在180 kg/hm^(2)时对促进玉米叶面积指数和光合势(LAD)效果最优。2 a全生育期内,相较于不施磷肥处理,P3处理下LAD显著提高14.42%。玉米光合特性对施磷强度的响应不同,随着施磷强度的升高,净光合速率(Pn)均在抽雄期后达到最大值,2 a中的R1期,相较于不施磷肥处理,P3处理下Pn显著提高10.68%。玉米花后(R1)叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)与Pn均呈显著正相关,决定系数(R^(2))分别为0.9265,0.8899,0.8320。施磷可以提高玉米光系统Ⅱ综合性能指数(PI),2 a中于R1期,PI有最大峰值,相较于其他处理,P3处理下PI分别提高了1.12%~8.50%,8.47%~15.40%。施磷量为180 kg/hm^(2)产量最大,相较于不施磷处理,2 a产量平均提高17.27%。根据产量拟合方程分析表明,施磷量在179.34 kg/hm^(2)时玉米产量达到最大值13823.84 kg/hm^(2)。Pearson相关性分析表明,适当的叶面积指数(LAI)会显著影响玉米后期产量,光合参数对玉米产量建成均产生极显著影响;主成分分析表明,P3处理对玉米产量优化效果综合得分最高。磷肥的合理运筹能够有效地保证较高的SPAD值、PSⅡ反应中心的活性,提高玉米对光能的捕获与利用,促进光合作用,从而提高玉米的产量。To study the photosynthetic characteristics,fluorescence parameters and yield response to phosphorus in maize,and to clarify the optimal phosphorus application rate for maize under drip irrigation and water fertilization technology.Providing solid theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of maize in Ningxia region.The experiment was carried out at Pingjipu Farm,Yinchuan,Ningxia,from 2019 to 2020,with six phosphorus treatments in the order of 0(P0),60(P1),120(P2),180(P3),240(P4),and 300 kg/ha(P5).Analysis of the changing patterns of photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters of spring maize leaves and their correlation with yield under different phosphorus fertilizer treatments.In two years,during the big bell mouth stage,leaf area index(LAI)was increased by 4.21%to 12.78%and 4.68%to 15.60%for P3 compared to other treatments,respectively.Phosphorus fertilizer at 180 kg/ha was most effective in promoting leaf area index and photosynthetic potential(LAD)of maize.LAD was significantly increased by 14.42%under P3 treatment compared to no phosphorus fertilizer treatment during the full two year period.The photosynthetic characteristics of maize responded differently to the intensity of phosphorus application,and as the intensity of phosphorus application increased,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)all reached the maximum value after the stamen pumping stage,and at the R1 stage of the 2 years,the Pn was significantly increased by 10.68%under the P3 treatment as compared to the no-phosphorus-fertilizer treatment.The coefficient of determination(R^(2))was 0.9265,0.8899,and 0.8320,respectively.Phosphorus application increased the maize photosystemⅡcomposite performance index(PI),which had its maximum peak at the R1 stage in 2 years,and PI increased by 1.12%to 8.50%and 8.47%to 15.40%under the P3 treatment compared with the other treatments,respectively.The maximum yield was obtained at 180 kg/ha of phosphorus application,which was 17.27%higher as compared to no phosphorus treatme

关 键 词：玉米 施磷量 光合特性 荧光参数 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]