石墨烯对铜钨合金材料抗烧蚀性能多场数值模拟研究  

Researchon multi-field numerical simulation ofablation resistance of CuW alloy with graphene

作　　者：丁一 毛光辉 王树坤 韩钰 高健峰 陈保安 庞震 刘倓 DING Yi;MAO Guanghui;WANG Shukun;HAN Yu;GAO Jianfeng;CHEN Baoan;PANG Zhen;LIU Tan(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology(State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co.Ltd.),Beijing 100029,China;State Grid Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100000,China;Shandong Taikai High Voltage Switchgear Co.Ltd.,Taian 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]国网智能电网研究院有限公司(先进输电技术全国重点实验室),北京102209 [2]国家电网有限公司,北京100000 [3]山东泰开高压开关有限公司,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《功能材料》2024年第12期12162-12167,12174,共7页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：国家电网有限公司总部科技项目(5500-202158363A-0-0-00)。

摘　　要：随着人们的用电需求持续增大,高压电网及特高压电网的系统运行需要得到足够的保障,高压断路器的开断寿命成为影响高压及以上电压电网线路安全运行的重要因素。在电触头高压开断的过程中,由于击穿放电形成拉弧烧蚀等原因,触头表面会产生材料转移,多次累积下会造成电触头失效的结果,从而产生安全隐患。提高电触头的耐烧蚀性能非常重要,而目前对烧蚀性能的评价仍然依赖昂贵的型式试验验证。调研了石墨烯/铜钨(CuW)合金的制备方法和各种性能,以及高压电触头的开断过程中的物理过程。接着采用了石墨烯的掺杂改性铜钨整体触头材料,建立了电触头高压烧蚀仿真模型,通过有限元方法分析在多场作用下电触头的电弧侵蚀过程。结果发现石墨烯在CuW材料中均匀分布时能够提高材料的密度和力学性能,从而使电触头具有更好的力学以及电学性能。通过对电触头高压烧蚀过程的理论模拟和仿真模型的计算,得到电弧侵蚀下的电触头温度分布,对比石墨烯改性CuW以及现役传统CuW的电弧侵蚀下的电触头温度分布,发现石墨烯改性CuW具有更强的抗电侵蚀能力。初步解释了石墨烯在铜钨合金中的增强机理,并为后续石墨烯掺杂铜钨电触头的研发提供理论和模拟水平上的指导。With the continuous increase of power demand,the system operation of high-voltage power grid and ultra-high-voltage power grid needs to be guaranteed,and the breaking life of high-voltage circuit breaker has become an important factor in the safe operation of high-voltage and higher voltage network lines.In the process of electric contact breaking off at high voltage,due to the breakdown discharge and arcing ablation,the surface of electric contact will produce material transfer,which will lead to the failure of electric contact after many times of accumulation,thus resulting in potential safety hazard.It is very important to improve the ablative resistance of electrical contacts,but the evaluation of ablative performance still depends on expensive type test.In this paper,the preparation and properties of graphene/CuW alloy and the physical process of breaking high-voltage electrical contact are investigated.Then,a high-voltage ablation simulation model of electrical contacts was established by using the modified CuW contact material doped with graphene.It was found that the distribution of graphene in CuW was uniform,and the density and mechanical properties of CuW were improved,so that the electrical contact had better mechanical and electrical properties.The temperature distribution of electric contact under arc erosion is obtained by theoretical simulation and simulation model calculation of high voltage ablation process of electric contact.By comparing the temperature distribution of the electric contact under arc erosion between the graphite modified CuW and the traditional CuW,it is found that the graphite modified CuW has stronger resistance to electric erosion.In this paper,the strengthening mechanism of graphene in CuW alloy is explained,and the theoretical and simulation guidance for further research and development of graphene-doped CuW contact is provided.

关 键 词：石墨烯改性材料 铜钨合金 电触头 有限元方法 仿真模拟 

分 类 号：TB333.12[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]