七叶树溃疡病病原菌鉴定与防治药剂初筛  

Pathogen identification of canker disease of Aesculus chinensis Bunge and preliminary screening of control agents

作　　者：张然 翟敬宇 李梓霄 席昕 Zhang Ran;Zhai Jingyu;Li Zixiao;Xi Xin(Beijing Zizhuyuan Park,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Plant Protection Station,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市紫竹院公园管理处,北京100048 [2]北京市植物保护站,北京100029

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2024年第11期14-17,共4页China Plant Protection

摘　　要：近年来,北京市紫竹院公园的观赏树种七叶树在枝干部分出现褐色病斑,发病严重者树皮开裂、脱落,树势衰弱甚至死亡。以紫竹院公园为调查样地,观察记录七叶树上该病害的典型症状,采集样品,对分离出的真菌综合形态学与分子生物学方法进行鉴定,发现病原为尖孢镰刀菌。在此基础上,选用不同稀释倍数的四霉素、代森锰锌、哈茨木霉菌+枯草芽孢杆菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌进行防病药剂的室内初筛试验,对七叶树健康枝条造伤接菌,观察各施药处理枝条上病斑面积扩增情况,发现哈茨木霉菌+枯草芽孢杆菌组合的预防效果最好,先施药(较高剂量)后接菌处理的枝条病斑新增面积为0,相对防效达100%,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌先施药(较高剂量)后接菌处理的枝条病斑新增面积仅0.13 mm2,相对防效为98.75%,上述两处理可作为预防七叶树溃疡病的施药参考。In recent years,seven-leaf trees(Aesculus chinensis Bunge)in Zizhuyuan Park of Beijing have emerged with brown spots on their branches and trunks.Some trees were severely affected,with bark spliting and shedding,leading to significant weakness and even death.The investigation was conducted in Zizhuyuan Park,where the typical symptoms of the disease were observed and recorded,and samples were collected.The isolated fungi were identified using both morphological and molecular biological methods,which revealed that the pathogen was Fusarium oxysporum.On this basis,different dilution concentrations of tetramycin,mancozeb,octylamine acetate,Trichoderma harzianum+Bacillus subtilis,and Bacillus velezensis were used for preliminary screening tests in the laboratory.Healthy branches of A.chinensis were inoculated and the amplification of lesions on the branches of each treatment was observed.It was found that the combination of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis had the best control effect,with no expansion of lesion area observed following inoculation.The relative control effect was 100%.The new lesion area of branches treated with Bacillus velezensis was only 0.13 mm?,and the relative control effect was 98.75%.These findings provide a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of Aesculus canker disease.

关 键 词：七叶树 溃疡病 尖孢镰刀菌 杀菌剂 防治效果 

分 类 号：S436.85[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]