基于调控中间层的无裂纹Zr/Cu阴极激光熔覆制备及烧蚀行为研究  

Study on Laser Cladding Preparation and Arc Ablation Behaviors of Crack-free Zr/Cu Cathodes Based on Optimization of Inter-layer

作　　者：关慰勉 梁新增 刘艳梅[1] 关峰[1] 金银玲 赵英海 刘标[1] 刘嘉斌[2] GUAN Weimian;LIANG Xinzeng;LIU Yanmei;GUAN Feng;JIN Yinling;ZHAO Yinghai;LIU Biao;LIU Jiabin(Shenyang Aircraft Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110850,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司,辽宁沈阳110850 [2]浙江大学材料科学与工程学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《热加工工艺》2024年第23期20-25,38,共7页Hot Working Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(92266202)。

摘　　要：电弧烧蚀制约了铜阴极的服役寿命,表面强化型阴极兼具表层耐电弧烧蚀和基体高导电、导热性能的优势,能够有效延长阴极服役寿命。通过调控铜基锆覆层阴极的中间层,采用逐层激光熔覆制备了Zr#2/Zr#1/Cu、Zr/Cr/Cu和Zr/Nb/Cu三种阴极结构,表征了覆层阴极的微观组织和物相结构,根据成形质量和裂纹缺陷成因分析,明确了多层阴极的中间层选取原则。进一步地,对Zr/Nb/Cu层状阴极的空气电弧放电行为和电弧烧蚀机理进行了研究。结果表明:Zr/Nb/Cu层状阴极具备优异的耐电弧烧蚀性能,其电弧烧蚀速率为1.40μg/C,相比纯Cu阴极降低了41.2%。这与其表面难熔氧化层关系密切。Zr/Nb/Cu层状阴极具备作为加热器阴极使用的潜能。Arc ablation restricts the service life of the copper cathode.The surface strengthened cathode has the advantages of surface arc ablation resistance and high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the substrate,which can effectively extend the service life of the cathode.By adjusting the inter-layer of the copper-based zirconium cladding layer cathode,three types of Cu-based cathodes,Zr#2/Zr#1/Cu,Zr/Cr/Cu,and Zr/Nb/Cu,were prepared by layer-by-layer laser cladding.The microstructure and phase structure of the layered cathodes were investigated.According to the forming quality and the cause of crack defects,the selection principle of multilayer cathode was defined.Furthermore,the air arc discharge and cathode ablation behaviors of the Zr/Nb/Cu cathode were investigated.The results show that the Zr/Nb/Cu cathode exhibits an improved arc ablation resistance,the cathode ablation rate of Zr/Nb/Cu cathode is 1.40μg/C,41.2%lower than that of the Cu cathode.It is ascribed to the refractory oxide layer on the surface.Zr/Nb/Cu cathode exhibits potential as cathode in arc heaters.

关 键 词：激光熔覆 电弧烧蚀 层状阴极 锆覆层 铜阴极 

分 类 号：TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB35