激光增材制造铜/钢复合材料的组织与性能研究  

Study on Microstructure and Properties of Copper/Steel CompositesMade by Laser Additive

作　　者：胡剑 马迪 魏刚 薛飞 张伟强 王成辉 王惠梅 曹鑫 HU Jian;MA Di;WEI Gang;XUE Fei;ZHANG Weiqiang;WANG Chenghui;WANG Huimei;CAO Xin(Naval Equipment Department,Xingping 713100,China;No.12 Research Institute of CSSC,Xingping 713102,China)

机构地区：[1]海军装备部,陕西兴平713100 [2]中国船舶集团有限公司第十二研究所,陕西兴平713102

出　　处：《热加工工艺》2024年第23期152-158,164,共8页Hot Working Technology

摘　　要：采用激光增材技术制备了铜/钢复合材料,对该复合材料的合金层、界面、基体显微组织进行了表征,对铜合金层及界面力学性能与摩擦性能进行了检测。结果表明:激光熔覆所导致的细晶强化与镍元素向铜合金层的扩散使得铜合金层表现出优异的力学性能,这归因于镍元素在铜锡合金中的存在生成了复杂的三元相,晶粒细化削弱了锡的偏析,同时晶界的增多使δ相分离,连续粗大的δ相的消失转变为晶内与晶界零散析出。制备的铜/钢复合材料合金层抗拉强度平均值为502.3 MPa,屈服强度平均值为356.6 MPa,伸长率平均值为11.05%,断面收缩率平均值为8.55%,弹性模量平均值为106.863 GPa,剪切强度平均值为450.9 MPa,铜合金界面结合强度为549.7 MPa,摩擦系数介于0.786~0.846。The copper-steel composite was prepared by laser cladding technology,the alloy layer,interface and matrix microstructure of the copper-steel composite were characterised,the mechanical properties and friction properties of the copper alloy layer and interface were detected.The results show that the fine crystal reinforcement caused by laser cladding and nickel diffusion to copper alloy layer make copper alloy layer show excellent mechanical properties,which is attributed to the presence of nickel in copper tin alloy generating complex ternary phase,the grain refinement weakens the tin segregation.Meanwhile,the increase of the grain boundaries separates theδphases,and the disappearance of the continuous coarseδphases is transformed into the scattered precipitation of intragranular and grain boundaries.The average tensile strength of the prepared copper-steel composite alloy layer is 502.3 MPa,the average yield strength is 356.6 MPa,the average elongation is 11.05%,the average section shrinkage is 8.55%,the average elastic modulus is 106.863 GPa,the average shear strength is 450.9 MPa,the interfacial bonding strength of the copper alloy is 549.7 MPa,and the friction coefficient is between 0.786-0.846.

关 键 词：铜/钢复合 激光熔覆 Δ相 

分 类 号：TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]