77份建兰种质表型性状多样性分析  

Phenotypic Traits Diversity of 77 Cymbidium ensifolium Germplasms

作　　者：朱尾银 ZHU Weiyin(Fujian Forestry Science and Technology Test Center,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363600,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省林业科技试验中心,福建漳州363600

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第1期59-69,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：福建省种业创新与产业化工程林业项目(No.ZYCX-LY-202102)。

摘　　要：以77份建兰种质作为供试材料,分析21个数量性状和12个质量性状的表型性状多样性。结果表明:数量性状的变异系数(CV)在14.72%~42.79%范围内变异程度较大。其中,花长度的CV值最低(14.72%),说明此性状在各个种质之间相对稳定。花序梗数量的CV值最高(42.79%),其次是花朵数(41.67%)。同时,Shannon-Wiener指数(I)均接近5,种质数量性状多样性相当高。在质量性状二元分析中,种质的萼片斑点或条纹(颜色)分布比例相近,花部萼片斑点或条纹的表现形式丰富。质量性状CV大小范围为9.86%~83.81%,变异程度也较大。其中,叶姿的CV值最低(9.86%),唇瓣形状的CV值最高(83.81%),萼片颜色居次之(70.69%)。另外,质量性状的I指数数值范围在4~5之间,种质质量性状的多样性相当高。质量性状的辛普森指数(D)范围在0.985~0.991之间,接近数值1,种质的质量性状分布较为均匀,多样性程度较高。对建兰种质33个表型性状进行主成分分析,按照特征根值大于1为原则,提取出前10个主成分。前10个主成分的特征值分别是6.406、4.475、2.840、2.425、2.139、1.619、1.517、1.430、1.163、1.038,累积贡献率为75.917%。花部位数量性状占据的主成分权重较大,是建兰主要的表型性状指标。对77份建兰种质采用欧式距离(Euclidean distance)进行系统聚类分析,得到树状聚类图。在欧氏距离的15处可将种质分为五大群体,群体表型性状主要特征集中在数量性状,尤其在花部位数量性状占据的主成分权重较大,这与主成分分析结果一致。研究通过形态学性状的多样性分析,探讨了建兰品种间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为科学管理和保护建兰种质资源提供依据,同时也为未来的建兰育种工作提供宝贵的遗传材料。Using 77 Cymbidium ensifolium germplasms as the test materials,the phenotypic diversity of 21 quantitative traits and 12 qualitative traits was analyzed.The results showed that the coefficient of variation(CV)for quantitative traits ranged from 14.72%to 42.79%,indicating a significant degree of variation.Among these,the CV value for flower length was the lowest(14.72%),suggesting that this trait was relatively stable across different germplasms.The CV value for the number of flower stalks was the highest(42.79%),followed by the number of flowers(41.67%).Addition-ally,the Shannon-Wiener index(I)was close to 5,indicating a high level of diversity in quantitative traits among the germplasms.In the binary analysis of qualitative traits,the distribution of sepal spots or stripes(colors)among the germplasms was similar,with a rich variety of expressions for the features on the flower sepals.The CV for qualitative traits ranged from 9.86%to 83.81%,also showing a significant degree of variation.Among these,the CV value for leaf posture was the lowest(9.86%),while the CV values for lip shape(83.81%)and sepal color(70.69%)were the highest.Furthermore,the I index values for qualitative traits ranged between 4 and 5,indicating a high level of diversity in qualitative traits among the germplasms.The Simpson index(D)for qualitative traits ranged from 0.985 to 0.991,close to the value of 1,suggesting a relatively uniform distribution of qualitative traits and a high degree of diversity among the germplasms.Principal component analysis was conducted on 33 phenotypic traits of the germplasms,and the first 10 principal components were extracted based on the criterion that the characteristic root value is greater than 1.The char-acteristic value of the first 10 principal components was 6.406,4.475,2.840,2.425,2.139,1.619,1.517,1.430,1.163,and 1.038,with a cumulative contribution rate of 75.917%.The number of flower parts among the phenotypic traits had a significant weight in the principal components,indicating it is a major phenot

关 键 词：建兰 数量性状 质量性状 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]