膜下滴灌减量施肥对甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育效率和养分利用率的影响  

Effects of Reduced Fertilization on Field Propagation Efficiency andFertilizer Utilization Rate of Disease-free Sugarcane Original Seedlingsunder Mulched Drip Fertigation System

作　　者：彭李顺 曹峥英[2,3] 蔡文伟 杨本鹏[2,3] 杨学 PENG Lishun;CAO Zhengying;CAI Wenwei;YANG Benpeng;YANG Xue(Guangxi Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532199,China;Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Sanya Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan 572024,China;Guangxi Jiuyanghe Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532199,China)

机构地区：[1]广西热带农业科学研究院,广西崇左532199 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南海口571101 [3]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚572024 [4]广西久洋禾农业科技有限公司,广西崇左532199

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第1期115-122,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22117003);现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项资金项目(No.CARS-170716)。

摘　　要：本研究探讨不同膜下滴灌减量施肥模式对甘蔗脱毒原种苗生长、繁育效率及肥料利用率的影响,并分析最佳减量施肥模式,旨在为科学指导甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育过程中滴灌施肥技术的应用提供理论依据。在所有对照和处理均配备膜下滴灌系统并进行水分管理的条件下,以空白对照(CK_(0))、常规施肥(CK_(1))为对照,设置1个膜下滴灌施肥处理T_(100)(施肥量同CK_(1))以及3个膜下滴灌减量施肥处理T_(80)、T_(70)和T_(60)(减量施肥20%、30%和40%),对甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育过程中主要农艺性状、种茎产量、总芽数、繁育效率及养分利用率等指标进行比较分析。研究结果表明:在各项农艺指标中,2022、2023年T_(100)和T_(80)的平均分蘖率略低于CK_(1),但在成茎率、单株芽数、有效茎数方面较CK_(1)均有显著提升。在繁育总种芽数上,T_(100)和T_(80)最高,年平均分别达到(1480.87×10^(3))/hm^(2)和(1477.87×10^(3))/hm^(2),显著高于CK_(1)的(1302.50×10^(3))/hm^(2);T_(70)与CK_(1)间差异不显著;T_(60)最低仅为(1170.53×10^(3))/hm^(2)。在繁育效率方面,原种苗田间繁育倍数T_(100)和T_(80)最高,分别达到66.64倍和66.50倍;其次为T_(70)和CK_(1),繁育倍数为59.61倍和58.61倍;T_(60)繁育倍数最低,为52.67。在繁育收益方面,相较于CK_(0),T_(100)和T_(80)收益增幅最高,分别达到5.82和5.87万元/hm^(2);其次为T_(70),收益增幅为4.19万元/hm^(2),略高于CK_(1)(3.84万元/hm^(2));T_(60)最低,仅为2.51万元/hm^(2)。在肥料投入产出比方面,T_(80)最高,达到1∶21.89,明显高于T_(100)(1∶17.36);CK_(1)最低,为1∶11.45。在肥料利用率方面,所有施肥处理中,氮、磷、钾肥的利用率均为CK_(1)最低。而T_(80)最高,试验平均氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别达到51.57%、27.37%和67.45%,分别较CK_(1)提高了21.21、10.37和23.13个百分点。综上所述,在中等肥力红壤蔗区,采用T_(80)膜下滴灌减量施肥模式,可以同时获The present study investigated the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction patterns on the growth,field propa-gation efficiency,and fertilizer utilization rate of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings to provide a theoretical basis for the application of mulched drip fertigation,and to identify the optimal pattern for reducing fertilizer in the field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings.Under the condition of drip irrigation management,six differ-ent treatments were set:no fertilization(CK_(0)),conventional fertilization(CK_(1)),mulched drip fertigation T_(100)(fertilizer amount equated with CK_(1))and T_(80),T_(70),T_(60)(20%,30%and 40%reduction of the fertilization rate in T_(100)).A compara-tive analysis was done on the main agronomic traits,total bud count per unit area,propagation efficiency,economic benefit,and nutrient utilization rate during the field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings.The results showed that the two-year average tillering rate in the treatment T_(100) and T_(80) was slightly lower than that in CK_(1).How-ever,significant improvement was observed in the stalk formation rate,the number of buds per plant,and the number of millable stalks compared to CK_(1) Notably.T_(100) and T_(80) exhibited the highest values for the total number of propagation buds,with averages 1.4809 million buds/hm^(2) and 1.4779 million buds/hm^(2),respectively in two years,both significantly exceeding the 1.3025 million buds/hm^(2) in CK_(1).In contrast,there was no significant difference between T_(70) and CK_(1),while T_(60) had the lowest value of only 1.1705 million buds/hm^(2).T_(100) and T_(80) showed the highest field propagation mul-tiples of original seedlings,reaching 66.64 and 66.50 times,respectively,followed by T_(70) and CK_(1) with propagation multiples of 59.61 and 58.61 times,respectively,and T_(60) had the lowest propagation multiple of 52.67.Compared to CK_(0) without fertilization,T_(100) and T_(80) achieved the highest income increase,reaching 58200

关 键 词：甘蔗脱毒种苗 膜下滴灌施肥 化肥减施 繁育效率 养分利用率 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]