水肥一体化模式下不同水肥套餐对蜜柚产量、品质及经济效益的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Packages on Yield,Quality and Economic Benefit of Honey Pomelo under Water and Fertilizer Integration Mode

作　　者：张青[1] 孔庆波[1] 栗方亮[1] 黄煌伟 ZHANG Qing;KONG Qingbo;LI Fangliang;HUANG Huangwei(Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Pinghe County Soil,Fertilizer,Ecological and Energy Station,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363700,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]平和县土壤肥料与生态能源站,福建漳州363700

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第1期123-134,共12页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：福建省农业科学院对外合作项目(No.DWHZ-2022-03,No.DWHZ-2022-07);福建省高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(No.XTCXGC2021009)。

摘　　要：通过2020—2022年定位试验,研究水肥一体化条件下不同水肥套餐对蜜柚产量、品质及经济效益等的影响,为探索和实践蜜柚水肥一体化施肥模式提供依据。对平和蜜柚高低产园分别设置4种处理方式:(1)TF(常规施肥)、(2)30%WF(30%水肥套餐)、(3)50%WF(50%水肥套餐)、(4)70%WF(70%水肥套餐)。2020—2022年定位试验结果表明:水溶肥套餐不同程度减量施肥对蜜柚产量影响差异显著,高低产园年平均产量影响均为:70%W>50%WF>TF>30%WF;高产园50%WF、70%WF处理比TF处理年平均增产率分别为12.43%、24.67;低产园50%WF、70%WF处理比TF处理年平均增产率分别为15.05%、26.80%;高、低产园蜜柚年平均产量均以70%WF处理最高(高产园67845.5 kg/hm^(2)、低产园53495.5 kg/hm^(2)),低产园增产幅度大于高产园;高、低产园中年平均次果率均以70%WF效果最佳(高产园5.71%、低产园4.67%)。高、低产园不同水溶肥套餐施肥处理对蜜柚果肉粒化率无显著影响,但对单果重、果肉重影响较为显著;且不同水溶肥套餐施肥处理蜜柚裂果率年际变异大;70%水溶肥套餐施肥明显改善了蜜柚基本农艺性状,提高单果重,降低裂果率。2021、2021年高、低产园中4种处理可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸度增减幅度不大,各处理间差异不显著;70%水溶肥套餐蜜柚各品质指标均为最佳。高产园50%WF、70%WF处理年平均最终净收益较TF处理分别增收30.58%、47.79%。年平均产投比以70%WF处理最高(4.29∶1),较TF处理高1.31倍。低产园50%WF、70%WF处理年平均最终净收益较TF处理分别增收40.41%、59.67%。年平均产投比以70%WF处理最高(3.63∶1),比TF处理高1.17倍;高、低产园中均以70%水溶肥套餐处理经济效益最高,低产园经济效益增幅大于高产园。水肥一体化模式下不同水肥套餐减量施肥具有提高蜜柚产量、经济效益和改善品质等效果,且在高低产园中蜜柚施用70%WF处理对提The study investigated the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on yield,quality,and eco-nomic benefits of pomelo under the condition of water and fertilizer integration to provide a basis for exploring and practicing the integrated fertilization model of water and fertilizer for pomelo through a 3-year fixed position experi-ment.Four treatment methods were set up for Pinghe honey pomelo yield orchard:conventional fertilization(TF),30%water and fertilizer package(30%WF),50%water and fertilizer package(50%WF),and 70%water and fertilizer pack-age(70%WF).The results showed that the effect of different degrees of reduced fertilization with a water-soluble fer-tilizer package on the yield of pomelo was significant.The average yield was as follows:70%W>50%WF>TF>30%WF.The average 3-year yield increase rate of 50%WF,and 70%WF treatments in high-yield orchards was 12.43%,and 24.67%,respectively,compared to TF treatment.The average annual yield increase rate of 50%WF,and 70%WF treat-ments in low yield orchards compared to TF treatments was 15.05%,and 26.80%,respectively.The average 3-year yield of honey pomelo in high-yield and low yield orchards was the highest in the 70%WF treatment(high-yield orchards 67845.5 kg/hm^(2),low yield orchards 53495.5 kg/hm^(2)),and the yield increase in low yield orchards was greater than that in high yield orchards.70%WF had the best 3-year average secondary fruit rate in both high and low yield orchards(5.71%in high yield orchards and 4.67%in low yield orchards).The application of different water-soluble fertilizer combina-tions in high-yield and low yield orchards had no significant effect on the granulation rate of pomelo flesh,but had a more significant impact on single fruit weight and flesh weight.Moreover,there was a significant interannual variation in the cracking rate of honey pomelo treated with different water-soluble fertilizer combinations.The 70%water-soluble fertilizer package significantly improved the basic agronomic traits of pomelo,increased single frui

关 键 词：减量施肥 蜜柚 质量 经济效益 水肥一体化 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]