短毛木耳的生物学特性与驯化栽培研究  

Biological Characteristics and Acclimation Cultivation of Auriculariavillosula

作　　者：聂晨红 周炳沼 丰景 韦仕岩 祁亮亮 王晓国 NIE Chenhong;ZHOU Bingzhao;FENG Jing;WEI Shiyan;QI Liangliang;WANG Xiaoguo(College of Marine Biology and Technology,Guangxi University of Nationalities,Nanning,Guangxi 530006,China;College of Food and Bioengineering,Hezhou University,Hezhou,Guangxi 542899,China;Institute of Microbiology,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学海洋生物与技术学院,广西南宁530006 [2]贺州学院食品与生物工程学院,广西贺州542899 [3]广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第1期171-179,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西农科院基本业务费专项(桂农科2021YT094,桂农科2025YP075);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(No.CARS-20)。

摘　　要：短毛木耳是黑木耳的近似种,主要分布于热带、亚热带高海拔地区,能较好地适应广西高温高湿的气候,目前有关短毛木耳驯化栽培的报道较少。本研究以野外采集的短毛木耳子实体(TY081)为材料,采用序列分析方法,建立短毛木耳鉴定的分子标记;通过单因素试验探究不同温度、碳源、氮源对短毛木耳菌丝生长的影响,用正交试验对培养基的碳、氮源进一步优化。结果表明:开发的分子标记方法可以快速有效地鉴别出短毛木耳;短毛木耳TY081菌丝生长的最适温度是30℃,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为黄豆粉;优化后的培养基碳氮组合为果糖、酵母浸粉,菌丝生长速度达0.92 mm/d。短毛木耳TY081在栽培菌袋中的发菌温度为28℃,培养60 d满袋,刺孔后大棚培养10 d形成原基,子实体生长温度为24℃,湿度为85%,每袋的产量为20.943 g(干质量)。Auricularia villosula Malysheva is a similar species of Auricularia heimuer F.Wu,B.K.Cui&Y.C.Dai,mainly distributed in high altitude areas of tropical and subtropical regions.It can adapt to the high temperature and high humidity climate in Guangxi.There are few reports on the domestication of A.villosula.In this paper,the fruiting bod-ies of auriculae collected in the field was used,and the molecular marker was established by sequence analysis.The effects of different temperature,carbon and nitrogen sources on the mycelia growth of A.villosula were explored through single factor tests,and the carbon and nitrogen sources of the medium were further optimized by an orthogonal test.The fruiting body of fungus was preliminarily identified as A.villosula(TY081).The results showed that the de-veloped molecular labeling method could quickly and effectively identify A.villosula.The optimal temperature for my-celia growth of A.villosula TY081 was 30℃,the optimal carbon source was glucose,and the optimal nitrogen source was soybean powder.The optimized medium carbon and nitrogen combination was fructose,yeast powder,mycelium growth rate reached 0.92 mm/d.A.villosula TY081 was incubated at 28℃in a culture bag mainly composed of saw-dust,and the bag was full for 60 days.After puncturing,it was cultured in a greenhouse for 10 days to form the primor-dia.The fruity body growth temperature was 24℃,the humidity was 85%,and the yield of each bag was 20.943 g(dry weight).

关 键 词：短毛木耳 分子验证 生物学特性 驯化栽培 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]