基于多频段加权能量衰减系数的螺栓轴向应力超声测量方法  

Ultrasonic measurement method for axial stress in bolts based on the multi-frequency weighted energy attenuation coefficient

作　　者：何宇琪 涂莹谦 芶俊轶 商秋仙 HE Yuqi;TU Yingqian;GOU Junyi;SHANG Qiuxian(Chongqing Gas Field,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,Chongqing 400021,China;College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司重庆气矿,重庆400021 [2]重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《无损检测》2024年第12期13-19,33,共8页Nondestructive Testing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62071123)。

摘　　要：针对传统的基于声弹性效应的单波法和双波法测量螺栓轴向应力精度不高的问题,提出一种基于多频段加权能量衰减系数的螺栓轴向应力超声测量方法。首先基于多晶体超声散射理论建立能量衰减系数与螺栓轴向应力之间的函数关系。其次,为提高模型参数标定以及螺栓应力测量精度,结合粒子群优化算法确定各频段衰减系数最优归一化权重系数,建立多频段加权能量衰减系数模型。最后,搭建螺栓轴向应力测量的硬件系统和软件系统,分别使用所提出的多频段加权能量衰减系数法以及传统基于声弹性效应的单波法、双波法对不同强度螺栓试件进行参数标定和应力测量试验。试验结果表明,所提方法对高强度短螺栓的测量精度更高,稳定性较好,其平均相对误差仅为3.09%。In response to the low measurement accuracy of traditional single-wave and dual-wave methods for bolt axial stress based on the acoustic elasticity effect,this paper proposes a method for measuring bolt axial stress based on the ultrasonic multi-frequency band weighted energy decay coefficient.Firstly,a functional relationship between the energy decay coefficient and the bolt axial stress is established based on the theory of polycrystalline ultrasonic scattering.Secondly,to improve the calibration accuracy of model parameters and bolt stress measurement,the particle swarm optimization algorithm is combined to determine the optimal normalization weight coefficient of the decay coefficient in each frequency band,establishing a multi-frequency band weighted energy decay coefficient model.Finally,hardware and software systems for measuring bolt axial stress are established.The multi-frequency band weighted energy decay coefficient method proposed in this paper,as well as the traditional single-wave and dual-wave methods based on the acoustic elasticity effect,are used to calibrate parameters and measure stresses on different strength bolt specimens.This validates the accuracy and stability of the method proposed in this paper.This method provides higher measurement accuracy for high-strength short bolts,with an average relative error of only 3.09%.

关 键 词：超声检测 轴向应力 多频段加权 能量衰减系数 

分 类 号：TG115.28[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]