水工高压隧洞钢筋混凝土衬砌裂缝开度数值模拟方法研究  

Research on Numerical Simulation Method for Crack Width in Reinforced Concrete Linings of Hydropower High-pressure Tunnels

作　　者：李东明 晁阳 李同春[1] 齐慧君[1] 林潮宁 LI Dongming;CHAO Yang;LI Tongchun;QI Huijun;LIN Chaoning(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水利水电工程学院,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《水力发电》2025年第1期62-68,92,共8页Water Power

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3005403);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52309151);中国电建集团科技项目(DJ-HXGG-2022-02)。

摘　　要：水工高压隧洞常以裂缝最大宽度作为钢筋混凝土衬砌设计的控制标准,但针对大洞径、高水头隧洞的裂缝最大宽度计算,公式法存在一些局限性。许多专家学者尝试将数值模拟方法应用至衬砌裂缝宽度计算当中,但难以统筹考虑钢筋混凝土粘结滑移、裂缝开裂后的应力重分布等多重因素的影响。基于此,提出一种通过损伤模型指导布设虚拟裂缝单元以反应裂缝特征的方法,即首先利用考虑粘结滑移的混凝土损伤模型模拟钢筋混凝土联合作用下衬砌混凝土损伤随着荷载施加发展的过程,进一步对损伤集中区域增设虚拟裂缝单元以计算裂缝开展过程。经对比,采用该方法计算得到的裂缝最大宽度、发展规律与分布情况与既有文献相似,且计算收敛性好,实现了通过有限元算法精确且高效地直接得到衬砌裂缝宽度,在设计与运行安全预测方面具有较大的应用价值。The maximum crack width is commonly used as a design control criterion for reinforced concrete linings in high-pressure hydraulic tunnels.However,when calculating the maximum crack width for large-diameter and high-head tunnels,formula-based methods have certain limitations.Many experts and scholars have attempted to apply numerical simulation methods to calculate the crack width of linings,but it is difficult to comprehensively consider multiple factors such as the bond-slip between reinforced concrete and stress redistribution after cracking.In view to this,a method is proposed to simulate crack characteristics by arranging virtual crack elements guided by a damage model.Specifically,a concrete damage model considering bond-slip is used to simulate the process of concrete damage development under the combined action of reinforcement and concrete as the load is applied.Furthermore,virtual crack elements are added in areas with concentrated damage to calculate the crack propagation process.Upon comparison,the maximum width,development patterns and distribution of cracks obtained by this method are similar to existing literature,and the calculation convergence is good.This method achieves direct,accurate and efficient determination of lining crack widths through finite element algorithms,which has significant application value in design and operational safety prediction.

关 键 词：水工高压隧洞 钢筋混凝土衬砌 裂缝宽度 粘结滑移 虚拟裂缝 损伤模型 

分 类 号：TV698.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]