播期和播种方式对直播稻产量和抗倒能力的影响  

Effects of sowing date and sowing method on yield and lodging resistance of direct seeding rice

作　　者：李刚[1] 张强 郭哈伦 杨国栋 王聪 罗博伦 LI Gang;ZHANG Qiang;GUO Halun;YANG Guodong;WANG Cong;LUO Bolun(Shanghai Agro-Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201103,China;Shanghai Guangming Changjiang Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 202178,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103 [2]上海光明长江现代农业有限公司,上海202178

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2024年第6期28-32,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市水稻产业技术体系建设[沪农科产字(2024)第3号]。

摘　　要：以崇明区农场主栽水稻品种‘银香38’为试验材料,在6月1日(第一期)、6月7日(第二期)、6月13日(第三期)3个播期条件下,设置无人机器飞播、机条播、机穴播3种直播方式,探究播期与播种方式对直播稻产量及其构成因素和抗倒能力的影响。结果表明:在3个播期条件下,3种播种方式理论产量均表现为无人机飞播>机条播>机穴播,其中6月1日(第一期)无人机飞播产量达9.3 t∕hm^(2),相较于第二期和第三期分别提高2.6%和3.8%。通过分析产量构成因素可知,无人机器飞播提高了有效穗数和每穗粒数,从而实现高产;另外,无人机飞播条件下,水稻抗倒能力随着播期的推迟逐渐增强。综上,采用无人机飞播并适宜早播有利于直播稻产量和抗倒伏能力的协同提高。本研究可为无人机飞播丰产、稳产提供数据和理论依据。Using the main rice variety‘Yinxiang 38’planted in Chongming District as the experimental material,three types of direct seeding methods were set up:drone aerial sowing,machine drill sowing,and machine hole sowing,under three sowing dates of June 1(first phase),June 7(second phase),and June 13(third phase),to explore the effects of sowing date and sowing method on the yield,composition factors,and lodging resistance of direct seeding rice.The results showed that under the conditions of three sowing dates,the theoretical yields of the three types of sowing methods were as follows:drone aerial sowing>mechanical drill sowing>mechanical hole sowing.Specifically,drone aerial sowing achieved a yield of 9.3 t∕hm^(2) on June 1st(first phase),which was increased by 2.6%and 3.8%comparing with the second phase and the third phase,respectively.Analysis of yield components revealed that drone aerial sowing increased the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle,contributing to higher yields.Meanwhile,lodging resistance of rice improved progressively with delayed sowing dates under the condition of drone aerial sowing.Therefore,the combination of drone aerial sowing and appropriately earlier sowing effectively enhanced both yield and lodging resistance in direct seeding rice.The study provides data and theoretical support for achieving high and stable yields using drone aerial sowing.

关 键 词：播期 直播方式 产量 抗倒能力 水稻 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]