额尔齐斯河流域不同土地利用区大型真菌资源分布调查  

Investigation of the Distribution of Large Fungal Resources in Different Land Use Areas in the Irtysh River Basin

作　　者：潘冉冉 PAN Ran-ran(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species and Regulatory Biology,International Research Center for Cross Border Pest Control in Central Asia,School of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830017,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学生命科学学院、中亚区域跨境有害生物联合控制国际研究中心、新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2025年第1期42-50,共9页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察专项(2021xjkk0605)。

摘　　要：为探明额尔齐斯河流域大型真菌资源及分布,本研究采用访谈法、样方法以及样线法,分别于2022年6月至8月和2023年7月至8月对额尔齐斯河流域及周边主要耕地、自然草场、林区和食用菌种植区的大型真菌资源进行调查和监测。本研究在692个踏查点中共采集大型真菌样本136份,经鉴定该区域有大型真菌2门2纲6目14科24属31种。其中鬼伞属(Coprinus)最丰富,有4种,占总物种数的12.90%;斑褶菇属(Panaeolus)次之,有3种,占总物种数的9.68%;侧耳属(Pleurotus)和丝膜菌属(Cortinarius)分别有2种,各占总物种数的6.45%;其余20属均仅有1种。调查发现,额尔齐斯河流域大型真菌资源在沿河流域的林地和草地分布较密集,在人为干扰环境,如建筑用地分布较少。此外,通过对大型真菌子实体生境因子监测发现,大型真菌子实体的分布与温度、湿度等环境因子相关,其中皱环球盖菇(Stropharia rugosoannulata)对环境的抗逆性强,可作为潜在食用栽培菌。本研究可为该地区大型真菌物种多样性、食用菌业育种开发等提供本底资源数据。In order to explore the macrofungal resources and distribution system in the Irtysh River Basin,this study used the interview method,sampling method and line transect method to conduct surveys in the Irtysh River Basin from June to August 2022 and July to August 2023 respectively.The macrofungal resources were investigated and monitored in the main cultivated land,natural pastures,forest areas and edible fungus planting areas.The study collected a total of 136 macrofungal samples at 692 inspection points.It was identified that there were 2 phyla,2 classes and 6 macrofungal species in the area.There are 31 species in 14 orders,24 genera and 14 families.Among them,the genus Coprinus is the most abundant,with 4 species accounting for 12.90%of the total number of species;the genus Panaeolus is second,with 3 species accounting for 9.68%of the total species;Pleurotus and Cortinarius have 2 species accounting for 6.45%of the total number of species,and the remaining 20 genera only have 1 species.The spatial distribution characteristics of macrofungi in the Irtysh River Basin show that they are more densely distributed in woodlands and grasslands along the river basin,while there are less distribution in construction lands,reflecting the environmental and ecological indicator function of macrofungi.In addition,monitoring of habitat factors of large fungal fruiting bodies shows that the distribution of large fungal fruiting bodies is related to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.Among them,Stropharia rugosoannulata is extremely resistant to environmental stress and can be used as a potential edible cultivated fungi.This study provides back ground resource data for subsequent edible fungi industry breeding,ecological protection and restoration,and improvement of ecosystem services in the region.

关 键 词：大型真菌 资源 生态功能 空间分布 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]