种业科技创新赋能国家粮食安全:机理、演进与挑战  

Seed industry technological innovation empowered national food security:mechanism,evolution and challenge

作　　者：赵素芳 程晓林 Zhao Sufang;Cheng Xiaolin(School of Economics and Trade,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学经济贸易学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《粮食科技与经济》2024年第5期10-15,33,共7页Food Science And Technology And Economy

基　　金：河南省软科学研究项目(242400410145)。

摘　　要：种业科技创新通过提升粮食生产能力、改善粮食质量、增强种子自主权赋能国家粮食安全,是实施“藏粮于技”战略的重要着力点。我国种业发展经历了恢复与发展粮食生产的“自给为主”(1949-1977年)、提升粮食产量的“自研+引进吸收”(1978-2010年)、保障粮食量质齐升的“自主创新”(2011年后)三个历史时期,为粮食安全保障作出了突出贡献。当前,我国种业创新面临着创新能力较弱、核心技术受制于人,种子企业实力弱、缺乏国际竞争力,种质资源不足、缺乏多样性,知识产权保护不力、企业研发积极性受挫等挑战。未来应通过加大种子研发投入、培养种业创新人才、鼓励种业企业规模化发展、完善种质资源共享体系、完善知识产权保护体系等措施,提升种业创新能力,保障国家粮食安全。Scientific and technological innovation in seed industry can enhance national food security by enhancing grain production capacity,improving grain quality and enhancing seed autonomy,which is an important focus of implementing the strategy of"storing grain in technology".The development of China’s seed industry has experienced three historical periods of"self-sufficiency"(1949—1977),"self-research+introduction and absorption"(1978—2010),and"independent innovation"(After 2011)to ensure the quantity and quality of grain,which have made outstanding contributions to food security.At present,China's seed industry innovation is facing challenges such as weak innovation ability,core technology subject to others,weak strength of species enterprises,lack of international competitiveness,lack of germplasm resources,lack of diversity,weak protection of intellectual property rights,frustration of enterprises’research and development enthusiasm.In the future,measures such as increasing investment in seed research and development,cultivating innovative talents in the seed industry,encouraging largescale development of seed industry enterprises,improving the germplasm resource sharing system,and improving the intellectual property protection system should be taken to enhance the innovation ability of the seed industry and ensure national food security.

关 键 词：种业科技创新 粮食安全 理论机理 路径分析 

分 类 号：F326[经济管理—产业经济] S51[农业科学—作物学]