哈密市峡沟水库中小洪水特征及气象成因  

Characteristics and meteorological causes of medium and small floods in Xiagou Reservoir of Hami City

作　　者：白松竹 关清 江远安 栾亚睿 张俊 BAI Songzhu;GUAN Qing;JIANG Yuan’an;LUAN Yarui;ZHANG Jun(Hami Meteorological Bureau,Hami 839000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]哈密市气象局,新疆哈密839000 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2024年第12期2115-2123,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2022B03027-3)资助。

摘　　要：选取新疆哈密市伊吾县峡沟水库及伊吾水文站水情数据、水库上游流域5个自动气象站小时降水量观测数据及常规高空观测和NCEP再分析资料,分析了峡沟水库2015—2022年共计8次中小洪水过程的水文特性和流域降水特征。结果表明:(1)上游型洪水过程洪峰持续时间在10 h内,洪量集中、洪水涨退平稳;下游型洪水过程涨水快、洪峰持续时间超过10h,且上游型洪水致洪强降水的平均降水量、最大小时雨强没有下游型大,但是平均降雨历时较长,超过蓝色预警指标的洪峰持续时间相对较短,引发的最大洪峰流量、最高水位及库容涨差没有下游型大。(2)伊吾水文站洪峰流量与水库以上流域内不同时段最大降水量呈正相关关系,洪峰流量与上游区气象站的最大3 h降水量和下游区气象站最大6 h降水量关系最为密切。(3)下游型洪水致洪强降水发生时,100hPa南亚高压呈双体型,中亚长波槽和500hPa低槽位置均较上游型偏南,西太平洋副热带高压位置较上游型偏北;下游型洪水致洪强降水发生时,700~500 hPa比湿、700 hPa水汽通量和涡度、700~500hPa假相当位温均较上游型的对应值偏大,为致洪强降水预报提供了有利指标。Using water regime data from Xiagou Reservoir and Yiwu Hydrological Station in Yiwu County,Hami City,Xinjiang,China alongside hourly precipitation observations from five automatic weather stations in the reservoir’s upstream basin,routine upper-air observations,and NCEP reanalysis data,this study analyzed the hydrological characteristics and precipitation features of eight medium and small flood events at Xiagou Reservoir during 2015—2022.The findings are as follows:(1)Upstream-type floods exhibit peak durations within 10 hours,with concentrated flood volumes and stable rising and falling stages.In contrast,downstream-type floods rise rapidly and have peak durations exceeding 10 h.While the average rainfall and maximum hourly rainfall intensity of upstream-type flood-inducing heavy precipitation are lower than those of downstream-type,and the average rainfall duration is longer.The flood peak durations exceeding the blue warning threshold are shorter for upstream-type floods,and their corresponding maximum peak discharge,highest water level,and reservoir storage increase are significantly less than those of downstream-type floods.(2)A positive correlation exists between the peak discharge at Yiwu Hydrological Station and maximum rainfall during different time periods within the basin above the reservoir.The peak discharge shows the strongest correlation with maximum 3-hour precipitation at upstream meteorological stations and maximum 6-hour precipitation at downstream meteorological stations.(3)During downstream-type flood-inducing heavy precipitation,the 100 hPa South Asian High adopts a double-lobed structure,with the Central Asian long-wave trough and 500 hPa low trough positioned further south compared to upstream-type floods,while the subtropical high is located further north.Specific humidity between 700 hPa and 500 hPa,the 700 hPa moisture flux and vorticity,and the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature between 700 hPa and 500 hPa are higher during downstream-type flood-inducing heavy precipitation,s

关 键 词：峡沟水库 洪水特征 环流特征 洪峰流量 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]