猫冠状病毒基因特点分析及其研究进展  

Genetic Characteristics and Research Progress of Feline Coronavirus

作　　者：陶凌云 TAO Lingyun(Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海实验动物研究中心,上海201203

出　　处：《实验动物与比较医学》2024年第6期661-666,共6页Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine

基　　金：上海市科技计划项目“猫冠状病毒核酸检测方法的建立、流行病学调查及基因遗传进化分析”(20140900500)。

摘　　要：猫冠状病毒(feline coronavirus,FCoV)的生物型分为猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(feline infectious peritonitis virus,FIPV)、猫肠道冠状病毒(feline enteric coronavirus,FECV)两种。FIPV和FECV可能通过基因重组、突变等方式进行进化和变异,产生新的亚型和变种。本文着重阐述猫冠状病毒的基因组结构和生物分型,FIPV和FECV的感染特征以及FECV向FIPV转变的机制,提示它们的基因组构造基本类似,但存在高效感染单核细胞/巨噬细胞能力的差异,这些差异可能与它们的病原性和传播特征有关,并可能导致FIPV具有更强的致病性。另外,从FIPV的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)3/7以及N/S的序列关系分析发现,FIPV的非结构蛋白可能与其对宿主免疫系统的调控有关,使得FIPV感染后能够逃避宿主的免疫应答,从而导致更严重的疾病。这种基因组的变异性是研究FIPV和FECV病原性和流行病学特征的重要基础,也为病毒检测及药物研发提供了参考。Feline coronavirus(FCoV)is classified into two biotypes:feline infectious peritonitis virus(FIPV)and feline enteric coronavirus(FECV).FIPV and FECV might evolve and mutate via genetic recombination and mutation,leading to novel subtypes and variants.This study examined the genomic structure and biological subtyping of FCoV,analyzed the infection characteristics of FIPV and FECV,and investigated the mechanisms of FECV transforming into FIPV.The findings revealed that while their genome structures were fundamentally similar,differences in their ability to efficiently infect monocytes/macrophages significantly influenced their pathogenicity and transmission characteristics,with FIPV exhibiting higher virulence.Moreover,the analysis of the open reading frames(ORF)3/7 as well as the N/S sequences of FIPV indicated that its non-structural proteins were associated with modulation of the host immune system.These proteins enabled immune evasion,leading to more severe disease.The genomic variability of FCoV constitutes an important foundation for studying the pathogenicity and epidemiology of FIPV and FECV,and offers references for virus detection and drug development.

关 键 词：猫冠状病毒 猫传染性腹膜炎病毒 猫肠道冠状病毒 猫传染性腹膜炎 基因组 

分 类 号：Q95-33[生物学—动物学]