政和杏与近缘物种的嫁接亲和性及砧木选择  

Grafting Compatibility Experiment and Stock Selection Between Prunus zhengheensis and Related Species

作　　者：朱祥锦 詹志东 周乐鑫 张舒颖 陈子群 颜祖荣 全啸 ZHU Xiangjin;ZHAN Zhidong;ZHOU Lexin;ZHANG Shuying;CHEN Ziqun;YAN Zhurong;QUAN Xiao(Zhenghe County Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Center,Zhenghe 353600,Fujian,China;Forestry Bureau of Zhenghe County,Zhenghe 353600,Fujian,China;Fujian Academy of Forestry,Fuzhou 350012,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]政和县林业科学技术推广中心,福建政和353600 [2]政和县林业局,福建政和353600 [3]福建省林业科学研究院,福建福州350012

出　　处：《福建林业科技》2024年第4期86-91,共6页Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省星火计划项目(闽科资(2022)17号)。

摘　　要：政和杏属极危物种,种群自然更新能力差,开展政和杏无性繁殖技术研究,以期缓解该物种的自然更新压力,保护其种群繁衍。以政和县稠岭村的政和杏野生植株1年生枝条为接穗,选择4种砧木(桃、紫叶李、梅、杏)和3个嫁接时间(1月25日、2月25日、3月25日)进行嫁接试验,测定成活率及嫁接后接穗的生长性状。结果表明,同一嫁接时间、不同砧木类型的嫁接苗基径、抽高月均增长量存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异,以紫叶李和杏为砧木的嫁接苗基径、抽高生长量显著高于桃、梅为砧木的嫁接苗,且以4—6月尤为突出;2月嫁接苗的成活率极显著高于1月、3月嫁接苗(P<0.01),紫叶李砧木的嫁接苗成活率显著高于其余砧木的嫁接苗(P<0.01)。综合结果表明,政和杏异种砧木嫁接的最优砧木为紫叶李,最佳嫁接时间是2月,其嫁接成活率高,嫁接后苗期生长性状表现优良。Prunus zhengheensis is a critically endangered species with poor natural regeneration ability of the population.This study aims to investigate the asexual reproduction technology of P.zhengheensis,in order to alleviate the natural regeneration pressure of this species and protect its population reproduction.This study used one-year branches of wild Prunus zhengheensis plants from Chouling Village,Zhenghe County as scions,and selected four rootstocks(P.persica L.,P.cerasifera′Atropurpurea′,P.mume Siebold&Zucc.,P.armeniaca L.)and three grafting times(January 25th,February 25th,March 25th)for grafting experiments.The survival rate and growth traits of the grafted scions were measured.The results showed that there were significant(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)differences in the average monthly growth of basal diameter and height among different types of grafted seedlings at the same period.When P.cerasifera′Atropurpurea′and P.armeniaca L.were used as stock,the basal diameter and height growth of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of other types of stocks,especially from April to June;the survival rate of grafting seedlings in February was significantly higher than that in January and March(P<0.01),and the survival rate of grafting seedlings on P.cerasifera′Atropurpurea′stock was significantly higher than other types of grafting seedlings(P<0.01).The comprehensive results indicate that the optimal stock for grafting P.zhengheensis cross rootstock is P.cerasifera′Atropurpurea′,and the optimal grafting time is in February.Its grafting survival rate is high,and the growth characteristics of the seedlings after grafting are excellent.

关 键 词：政和杏 砧木 嫁接亲和性 苗期性状 

分 类 号：S723.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]