COSMIC-2与GNSS的星地联合火山爆发电离层扰动分析  

Satellite-ground integration analysis of ionospheric disturbances triggered by volcanic eruption employing COSMIC-2 and GNSS

作　　者：胡嘉宇 孙亚洲 朱家熹 龚晓鹏 辜声峰[1,3] HU Jiayu;SUN Yazhou;ZHU Jiaxi;GONG Xiaopeng;GU Shengfeng(GNSS Research Center,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Geodesy and Geomatics,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;Hubei Luojia Laboratory,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心,武汉430079 [2]武汉大学测绘学院,武汉430079 [3]湖北省珞珈实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《测绘科学》2024年第10期1-15,共15页Science of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41931075,42174029);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BAA053)。

摘　　要：针对2022年初南太平洋汤加火山剧烈爆发引起的全球电离层显著扰动,该文基于星基COSMIC-2低轨卫星与多系统地基GNSS数据,提出一种星地联合的电离层响应分析方法。首先进行星基电离层掩星,对爆发前后火山近场上空电子密度廓线(EDP)进行时空窗口融合,并提取电离层峰值密度(NmF2)、峰值高度(HmF2)以揭示爆发期间火山上空电离层时空演变规律;此外,提取分布于全球的768个GNSS测站的电离层延迟信息,建立电离层模型并计算延迟差分项,从星地基不同视角综合分析电离层扰动,进一步获取火山爆发所引起的行进电离层扰动(TID)近远场传播特征,从而深入理解火山爆发对全球不同区域电离层产生的影响。结果表明,汤加火山爆发将大量气体微粒从低海拔吹向高层大气,影响电离层的离子化过程,摧毁其近场上空的典型电离层结构,导致爆发日与磁静日对应时刻EDP偏差较大,相关性较弱,爆发日EDP的均方根误差(RMSE)提升78%,余弦相似度(CS)降低至0.900。此外,火山近场至远场上空电离层均存在不同程度的响应,相较于近场的高频重力波快速(0.8~1.0 km/s)信号,远距离传播的低频兰姆波传播速度较慢(0.3~0.4 km/s),同时TID振幅随着传播距离增大衰减。In response to the significant ionospheric disturbances caused by the violent eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai(HTHH)volcano in early 2022,a novel satellite-ground integrated method was proposed in this paper for ionospheric response analysis using data from the low-orbit COSMIC-2 satellite and multi-system terrestrial GNSS.Initially,satellite-based ionospheric occultation was employed to fuse spatiotemporal electron density(EDP)profiles over the volcano's vicinity before and after the eruption,extracting ionospheric peak density(NmF2)and peak height(HmF2)to reveal spatiotemporal evolution patterns during the eruption period.Furthermore,ionospheric delay information from 768 global GNSS stations was used to analyze ionospheric disturbances comprehensively.The study also investigated the global impact of the eruption on the ionosphere,examining changes in ionospheric delay and the propagation characteristics of eruption-induced traveling ionospheric disturbances(TID)from near to far-field regions.Results showed disruptions in ionospheric structure due to the eruption,with significant deviations in EDP between eruption days and magnetically quiet days,accompanied by increased root mean square error(RMSE)and decreased cosine similarity(CS)values.Moreover,different response patterns were observed in the ionosphere from near to far-field regions,with high-frequency gravity waves propagating at speeds of 0.8~1.0 km/s and low-frequency sound pressure waves propagating at speeds of 0.3~0.4 km/s,alongside attenuation of TID amplitudes with increasing propagation distances.

关 键 词：汤加火山 COSMIC-2 电离层掩星 星地联合 行进电离层扰动 重力波 兰姆波 

分 类 号：P229[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] P352.7[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]