数据受信人信义义务的规范化构造  

Normative Construction of Fiduciary Obligations of Data Fiduciaries

作　　者：谭雯玲 Tan Wenling(School of Law,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100191

出　　处：《河北经贸大学学报（综合版）》2024年第4期33-40,共8页Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business(Comprehensive Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题“虚拟财产的私法调整规范研究”(KG16304501)。

摘　　要：随着网络信息技术的快速发展,个人面临着愈发严峻的数据风险。现行数据保护机制在实践中存在模式僵化、保护半径不足等问题。得益于其事前规范视角、评价标准的兜底性和评价体系的开放性,信义义务的适用有助于弥补上述缺陷。为更全面地保护数据主体的利益,数据受信人主体范围不宜局限于商主体。在判断是否应向潜在的数据受信人施加信义义务时,应遵循实质要件与程序要件进行双重约束,避免信义义务的滥用。针对数据受信人信义义务的具体内容,可以将保密义务上升为首要义务,强化对数据泄露的预防,并确立“随数据流动原则”,重视对消极义务的使用。With the rapid development of network information technology,individuals are facing more and more serious data risks.The existing data protection mechanism in practice has the problems of rigid model and insufficient protection radius.The application of fiduciary duty can help to make up for the above deficiencies,thanks to its ex ante normative perspective,bottomless evaluation standard and openness of the evaluation system.In order to protect the interests of data subjects more comprehensively,the scope of data fiduciary subjects should not be limited to commercial subjects.When judging whether to impose fiduciary duty on potential data fiduciaries,it should follow the double constraints of substantive and procedural elements to avoid the abuse of fiduciary duty.With regard to the specific content of the fiduciary obligations of data fiduciaries,it is possible to elevate the obligation of confidentiality to a primary obligation,strengthen the prevention of data leakage,and establish the principle of"flowing with data",emphasizing the use of negative obligations.

关 键 词：数据保护 信义义务 忠实义务 注意义务 保密义务 

分 类 号：D922.8[政治法律—法学]