玉米农艺性状及产量性状对密度胁迫的响应  

Responses of Maize Agronomic Characters and Yield Characters to Density Stress

作　　者：张前进[1] 曹丽茹[1] 张新[1] 魏昕[1] 魏良明[1] 郭书磊[1] 王国瑞 王振华[1] 鲁晓民[1] Zhang Qianjin;Cao Liru;Zhang Xin;Wei Xin;Wei Liangming;Guo Shulei;Wang Guorui;Wang Zhenhua;Lu Xiaomin(Grain Crop Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,450002)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第24期8158-8170,共13页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：河南省重大公益专项(201300111200-02);河南省玉米产业技术体系项目(S2010-02-G10)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了明确实际生产中‘郑单6386’的最佳种植密度,提高其产量,本研究采用1年2点随机区组设计,对‘郑单6386’在5.25×10^(4)株/hm^(2)、6.75×10^(4)株/hm^(2)、7.50×10^(4)株/hm^(2)、8.25×10^(4)株/hm^(2)、9.00×10^(4)株/hm^(2)和1.05×10^(5)株/hm^(2)共6个种植密度下的主要农艺性状和产量相关性状进行比较分析。结果表明:随着密度由5.25×10^(4)株/hm^(2)增加至1.05×10^(5)株/hm^(2),‘郑单6386’的株高、穗位、秃尖随密度的增加而增加,增幅分别为20.17、25.77、0.28 cm;株高/穗位、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重则随密度的增加而逐渐降低,分别降低了0.29、3.64 cm、0.29 cm、1.33、6.89、2.58 g;产量随密度的增加先升高后降低,在7.50×10^(4)株/hm^(2)条件下达到峰值。另外,密度与株高/穗位呈线性关系y=-0.0584x+2.5175(R^(2)=0.9718)。相关分析与多元回归分析结果表明,密度对茎秆强度和穿刺强度的影响均为负效应。对密度和产量进行回归模拟,建立产量与密度变化趋势模型Y=625.15+63.95X-9.09X^(2)(R^(2)=0.9089)。结合农艺性状和产量相关性状的表型分析发现,中高水肥条件下,密度在7.50×10^(4)株/hm^(2)时,株型性状、穗部性状以及产量性状表现较为优良。研究结果为‘郑单6386’的应用推广和高产栽培提供了理论依据,对‘郑单6386’实现高产稳产具有重要的生产应用价值。In order to clarify the optimal planting density of'Zhengdan6386'and improve its yield,the main agronomic traits and yield correlations of'Zhengdan6386'were compared and analyzed by a one-year two-point randomized block design under six planting densities of 5.25×10^(4) plants/hm^(2),6.75×10^(4) plants/hm^(2),7.50×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)8.25×10^(4) plants/hm^(2),9.00×10^(4) plants/hm^(2) and 1.05×10^(5) plants/hm^(2).The results showed that:the plant height,ear position and bald tip of'Zhengdan6386'increased along with the increase of density from 5.25×10^(4) plants/hm^(2) to1.05×10^(5) plants/hm^(2),with the amplification of 20.17,25.77 and 0.28 cm respectively;the plant height/ear position ear length,ear diameter,rows per ear,grains per row and 100 grain weight decreased gradually along with the increase of density,which decreased by 0.29,3.64 cm,0.29 cm,1.33,6.89 and 2.58 g,respectively;the yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of density,and reached the peak at 7.50×10^(2) plants/hm^(2).Moreover,there was a linear relationship between the density and plant height/ear position,y=-0.0584x+2.5175(R^(2)=0.9718).The results of correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis showed that the effects of density on straw stiffness and puncture strength were negative.The regression simulation of density and yield was carried out,and the trend model of yield and density change was established,Y=625.15+63.95X-9.09X~2(R^(2)=0.9089).Combined with the phenotypic analysis of agronomic traits and yield-related traits,we found that the plant type,ear traits and yield traits performed better under medium and high water and fertilizer conditions with the density of 7.50×10^(4) plants/hm^(2).The results ofthis study provide a theoretical basis for the application,popularization and high-yield cultivation of'Zhengdan6386',and have important production and application value for realizing stable high yield of'Zhengdan6386'.

关 键 词：玉米 密度 农艺性状 产量性状 高产 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]