植物合子前隔离机制与育种  

Research on the Mechanism and Breeding of Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation in Plants

作　　者：吕奕 刘蓉 王营 崔毓萱 肖建花 高亦珂[1] LüYi;Liu Rong;Wang Ying;Cui Yuxuan;Xiao Jianhua;Gao Yike(National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture,School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,100083)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,国家花卉工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第24期8264-8269,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31971706)资助。

摘　　要：合子前生殖隔离阻碍种间受精,促使物种独立进化,人工授粉可以打破生殖隔离,获得自然界罕见的种间甚至属间杂交后代。通过人工手段主要克服的是包括生态地理隔离、花部隔离、时间隔离和花粉管与雌蕊相互作用等类型的合子前隔离。生殖隔离是多数育种工作中不可避免的重点与难点,本研究通过归纳合子前隔离类型、分析其作用机制,讨论利用其进行植物育种的可行性,总结克服合子前隔离的人工手段。以便为植物育种提供指导,助力种质资源利用、杂交育种等植物育种工作的开展,拓宽植物资源的遗传基础,提高植物育种效率,从而为培育具高观赏价值、经济价值的新种质提供新思路。Prezygotic reproductive isolation hindered Interspecific hybridization fertilization,facilitating the process of species independent evolution.Artificial hybridization can break down reproductive isolation and obtain rare interspecies or intergeneric hybrid offspring.Those isolations including ecogeographic barriers,floral isolation,temporal isolation and the interaction between pollen tubes and styles,all belong to prezygotic isolation.In most plant breeding processes,reproductive isolation becomes a critical and difficult issue inevitably.In this article,by summing the type of prezygotic isolation,discussing the feasibility of its application in plant breeding research,and concluding the artificial methods to overcome prezygotic isolation.It can provide guidance for plant breeding,help the development of plant breeding such as utilization of germplasm resources and cross breeding,broaden the genetic basis of plant resources,improve the efficiency of plant breeding,and thus provide new ideas for breeding new germplasm with high ornamental value and economic value.

关 键 词：种间杂交 生殖隔离 合子前隔离 

分 类 号：S330[农业科学—作物遗传育种]