基于空气质量达标的固定源排放标准研究  

Study on air quality based emission standards for stationary sources

作　　者：宋国君[1] 习婧欣 方丹阳 苏梦缘 SONG Guojun;XI Jingxin;FANG Danyang;SU Mengyuan(School of Ecology&Environment,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Development and Reform Commission of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750001,China;Beijing Middle School,Beijing 100018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学生态环境学院,北京100872 [2]宁夏回族自治区发展和改革委员会,银川750001 [3]北京中学,北京100018

出　　处：《环境与可持续发展》2024年第5期22-26,共5页Environment and Sustainable Development

摘　　要：我国大气污染治理已经取得巨大成就,二氧化硫、氮氧化物基本达到二级标准,但细颗粒物(PM 2.5)仍然超标,主要由二次污染导致,超标主要发生在采暖期,且呈区域性。固定源为主要排放源,其排放标准为基于技术的排放标准,也就是固定源排放控制的全部技术要求。然而,源于美国固定源基于技术的排放标准的制定模式,既跟不上我国产业的发展速度,也跟不上空气质量改善的要求。因此,建议制定城市(或区域)基于空气质量达标的排放标准,主体内容包括空气质量改善目标制定,固定源污染物年度日排放量减排目标制定,日空气质量管理绩效评估等。配合PM 2.5前体物减排交易计划,政策体系可行。基于技术的固定源排放标准,交给行业和企业,作为推荐性排放标准,排污许可证将发挥更重要的作用。China has made great achievements in air pollution control.Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides have basically reached the secondary standard,but fine particulate matter(PM 2.5)is still exceeding the standard,mainly caused by secondary pollution.The exceeding of the standard mainly occurs during the heating period and is regional.Stationary sources are the main emission sources,whose emission standards are technology-based emission standards,which is all technical requirements for stationary source emission control.However,the model of setting technology-based emission standards for stationary sources,which originated from the United States,is neither keeping pace with the development speed of Chinese industries nor meeting the demand for air quality improvement.Therefore,it is recommended to develop emission standards for cities(or regions)based on meeting air quality standards.The main contents include setting air quality improvement goals,formulating annual daily emission reduction targets for pollutants from stationary sources,and assessing daily air quality management performance.In conjunction with the PM 2.5 precursor emission reduction trading plan,the policy system is feasible.The technology-based stationary source emission standards are handed over to industries and enterprises as recommended emission standards.In addition,pollutant emission permits will play a more important role.

关 键 词：空气质量 固定源排放标准 日排放量 排放交易 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]