鼓粒期不同灌溉量对大豆农艺性状和产量的影响  

Effect of Different Irrigation Rates on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Soybean at Seed Filling Stage

作　　者：王雅莹 白音章 赵岳冀 曲学斌 WANG Yaying;BAI Yinzhang;ZHAO Yueji;QU Xuebin(Hulun Buir Meteorological Bureau,Hulun Buir 021008,Inner Mongolia,China;Old Barag Banner Meteorological Bureau,Hulun Buir 021500,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔市气象局,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008 [2]陈巴尔虎旗气象局,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021500

出　　处：《大豆科技》2024年第6期18-22,43,共6页Soybean Science & Technology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024LHMS04012)。

摘　　要：干旱是呼伦贝尔市主要的农业气象灾害。为明确大豆对干旱的响应机制,文章通过盆栽控水试验研究鼓粒期不同灌溉量对大豆农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,随着灌溉量减少,土壤干旱程度加重,大豆成熟时间推迟;对照组(CK)株高最高,为86.3 cm;对照组(CK)茎粗值最大,为7.6 mm,较中度干旱(S_(55%))和重度干旱(S_(45%))处理差异显著,表明土壤水分过多易造成大豆植株徒长,适度调整灌溉量有利于大豆茎粗生长。不同灌溉量处理下,大豆单株荚数表现为对照组(CK)>轻度干旱(S_(65%))>中度干旱(S_(55%))>重度干旱(S_(45%)),单株粒重表现为轻度干旱(S_(65%))>对照组(CK)>中度干旱(S_(55%))>重度干旱(S_(45%)),百粒重表现为轻度干旱(S_(65%))>对照组(CK)>中度干旱(S_(55%))>重度干旱(S_(45%))。对照组(CK)单株荚数最多,但空荚率高,导致单株粒重和百粒重小于轻度干旱(S_(65%)),表明在农业生产中,轻度干旱(S_(65%))有利于大豆产量形成。Drought was one of the most important agrometeorological disasters in Hulunbuir City.In order to clarify the response mechanism of soybean to drought,pot water control experiment was used to study the effects of different irrigation amounts on soybean agronomic traits and yield.The results indicated that as the amount of irrigation decreases and the degree of soil drought intensifies,it would inhibit the maturity time of soybeans.The control group(CK)had the highest plant height of 85.2 cm;The stem diameter of control group(CK)was 7.6 mm,which was significantly different from that of moderate drought(S_(55%))and severe drought(S_(45%)),indicated that excessive soil water was easy to cause plant growth,and moderate adjustment of irrigation was conducive to the coarse growth of soybean stem.The number of pods per plant under different irrigation treatments showed as follows:control group(CK)>mild drought(S_(65%))>moderate drought(S_(55%))>severe drought(S_(45%)).The grain weight per plant showed as mild drought(S_(65%))>control group(CK)>moderate drought(S_(55%))>severe drought(S_(45%)).The 100-grain weight showed as mild drought(S_(65%))>control group(CK)>moderate drought(S_(55%))>severe drought(S_(45%)).Although the control group(CK)had the highest number of pods per plant,its empty pod rate was high,resulting in the highest grain weight per plant and100-grain weight under mild drought(S_(65%)).This indicated that in agricultural production,mild drought(S_(65%))is beneficial for soybean yield.

关 键 词：不同灌溉量 大豆 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]