辽宁盖州青石岭山城出土铁器的脱盐保护处理研究  

Study on the desalination conservation of iron artifacts excavated at Qingshiling Mountain City, Gaizhou, Liaoning Province

作　　者：张红燕[1] 杨小林 王飞峰[1] 黄希 韩化蕊 郭正臣 张惠 李汉召 ZHANG Hongyan;YANG Xiaolin;WANG Feifeng;HUANG Xi;HAN Huarui;GUO Zhengchen;ZHANG Hui;LI Hanzhao(Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102445,China;National Museum of China,Beijing 100006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京102445 [2]中国国家博物馆,北京100006

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第6期79-90,共12页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：辽宁盖州青石岭山城出土的铁器病害严重,含有大量有害锈四方纤铁矿。在铁器的碱液脱盐过程中,对浸泡液的酸碱度、氯离子浓度等数据进行了全程动态跟踪监测,依此来指导每次脱盐浸泡时间和总脱盐次数。在脱盐过程监测中发现:随着氯离子的脱除,pH值降低;尤其脱盐前期随着氯离子的大量溶出,pH值迅速降低,浸泡液在较短时间内从碱性转为酸性;为避免酸化环境对铁器的腐蚀,脱盐过程中必须要监测脱盐溶液的pH值,并及时更换新配置的溶液。总结NaOH碱液脱盐法在具体实操过程中应注意的一些事项,以达到将有害氯离子尽可能脱除,有效保护铁器的目的。在实践中验证:在脱盐次数足够、方法适当的情况下,NaOH碱液法可以达到将β-FeOOH基本完全转化,将Cl-基本全部脱除的效果。The iron artifacts unearthed from Qingshiling Mountain City in Gaizhou,Liaoning Province,are severely damaged and contained a large amount of harmful rust.During the process of desalination of ironware using alkaline solutions,the pH value and chloride ion concentration of the soaking solution were dynamically tracked and monitored throughout the entire process to guide the soaking time and total desalination times.During the monitoring of desalination process,it was found:that as chloride ions were released,the pH value decreased;especially in the early stages of desalination,as a large amount of chloride ions were dissolved,the pH value rapidly decreased,and the soaking solution sometimes changed from alkaline to acidic in a short period of time;and that to avoid corrosion of ironware in the acidic environment,it was necessary to monitor the pH value of the desalination solution during the desalination process and replace it with a new solution in a timely manner.We have noted some practical precautions to be taken when using the NaOH solution desalination method,in order to achieve the goal of removing as many harmful chloride ions as possible in order to effectively conserve the ironware.In practice,it has been verified that using sufficient desalination cycles and other appropriate methods,the NaOH solution method could achieve almost complete conversion ofβ-FeOOH and almost complete removal of the chloride ion.

关 键 词：铁质文物 四方纤铁矿 氯离子 碱液脱盐 

分 类 号：K876.42[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]