穷且益坚:童年农村经历会提高非认知能力吗  

Poor but Stronger:The Impact of Childhood Rural Experience on Non-cognitive Skills

作　　者：晏正伟 李兵 刘悦茹 Zhengwei Yan;Bing Li;Yueru Liu(School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics;Lingnan College,Sun Yat-sen University;Wenlan School of Business,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院 [2]中山大学岭南学院 [3]中南财经政法大学文澜学院

出　　处：《经济学报》2024年第4期374-399,共26页China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“城乡融合与新发展格局战略联动的内在机理与实现路径研究”(项目编号:21&ZD085);中央财经大学科教融合研究生学术新星孵化计划“方言与城市间贸易:基于文化和制度双重视角的解释”(项目编号:2024110)的资助。

摘　　要：非认知能力是重要的人力资本,许多研究考察了早期经历对非认知能力的影响,但是缺乏基于童年农村经历视角的研究。本文使用2010年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),考察了童年农村经历对非认知能力的影响。基准结果表明,对于有过童年农村经历的群体,其非认知能力会比其他群体高0.098个标准差,且使用处理效应模型和倾向匹配得分等方法缓解内生性问题之后,结论保持一致。考虑到非认知能力可能存在测量误差问题,本文使用控制点等方式来度量非认知能力,结论依然稳健。进一步分析发现,童年农村经历能够提高非认知能力的机制在于个体为了适应穷困环境而付出努力。此外,本文探讨了童年农村经历对大五人格子指标以及细分指标的影响,发现有过童年农村经历的群体在顺同性和外向性等方面更高。更细致地说,有过童年农村经历的群体在条理性、顺从性、热情性和行动力等方面更高,不过在审慎性和价值取向等方面却更低。本文的研究结论从童年农村经历的视角上为早期生活经历会影响非认知能力提供了经验证据。Non-cognitive skills are the important human capital.Many studies have examined the impact of early experience on non-cognitive skills,but there is a lack of research based on childhood rural experience.Using the China Family Panel Studies data in 2010,this paper investigates the impact of childhood rural experience on non-cognitive skills.The baseline results find that the non-cognitive skills of the group with childhood rural experience is 0.098 standard deviation higher than that of other groups,and the conclusion is robust after using Treatment Effects Model and Propensity Score Matching methods to deal with endogenous problems.Considering the measurement error of noncognitive skills,this paper uses locus of control,and the conclusion is robust.Further analysis finds that the mechanism by which childhood rural experience can improve noncognitive skills lies in the efforts made by individuals to adapt to poor environment.In addition,this paper investigates the impact of childhood rural experience on five and thirteen factors of“Big Five”,and finds that the groups with childhood rural experience are higher in agreeableness and extraversion.More specifically,the groups with childhood rural experience are higher in terms of organization,enthusiasm,openness and action,but lower in terms of prudence and value.From the perspective of childhood rural experience,the conclusion of this paper provides empirical evidence for the influence of early life experiences on non-cognitive skills.

关 键 词：农村经历 非认知能力 大五人格 控制点 

分 类 号：C913.5[经济管理] B842[社会学]