侵权责任编司法解释关于监护人责任规定适用争议的解决方案  

Solution to Disputes over the Application of Guardianship Responsibility Provisions in Judicial Interpretation on Tort Liability

作　　者：潘杰[1] Pan Jie

机构地区：[1]最高人民法院民一庭

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第6期11-25,共15页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：《民法典》有关监护人责任的规定主要体现在第1188条监护人责任一般规定、第1189条委托监护责任以及第1169条教唆、帮助侵权情形下监护人相应责任的规定中。第1188条的两款规定创设了承担侵权责任之人与应支付赔偿费用之人的分离制度以及尽到监护职责的监护人的减轻责任制度。第1189条和第1169条分别创设了委托监护情形下受托人和教唆、帮助侵权下监护人承担“相应的责任”的侵权责任形态。理论与实务中,对如何协调处理监护人担责与有财产的被监护人支付赔偿费用的关系,能否以有财产为标准来认定被监护人担责,监护人责任的性质是补充责任还是完全替代责任,监护人责任的归责原则是无过错还是过错推定,应否区分被监护人的行为能力而对监护人责任的归责原则作出区分,监护人尽到监护职责时减轻监护人责任导致受害人救济不足应如何弥补,对于委托监护情形下有过错的受托人承担的相应责任,教唆、帮助侵权情形下有过错的监护人承担的相应责任的理解等问题,长期存在争议。围绕上述法律适用争议,《民法典侵权责任编解释(一)》给出了解决方案。The provisions of the Civil Code on the responsibility of guardians are mainly reflected in Article 1188 on the general responsibility of guardians,Article 1189 on the responsibility of entrusted guardianship,and Article 1169 on the corresponding responsibility of guardians in cases of instigation or assistance in infringement.The two provisions of Article 1188 establish a system of separation between the person responsible for infringement and the person liable for compensation,as well as a system of reduced liability for guardians who fulfill their guardianship duties.Article 1189 and Article 1169 respectively establish the form of tort liability in which the trustee and the guardian who instigates or assists in infringement assume"corresponding responsibilities"in the case of entrusted guardianship.In theory and practice,there has been controversy over how to coordinate the relationship between the responsibility of the guardian and the payment of compensation fees by the ward with property,whether the responsibility of the ward can be determined based on the standard of having property,whether the nature of the guardian's responsibility is supplementary responsibility or complete substitution responsibility,whether the principle of attribution of the guardian's responsibility is no fault or presumed fault,whether the principle of attribution of the guardian's responsibility should be distinguished based on the ward's ability to act,how to make up for the insufficient relief of the victim caused by the reduction of the guardian's responsibility when the guardian fulfills their guardianship responsibilities,and the understanding of the corresponding responsibilities of the trustee who is at fault in the case of entrusting guardianship,and the corresponding responsibilities of the guardian who is at fault in the case of inciting and assisting infringement.The Interpretation of the Tort Liability Part(1)of the Civil Code provides a solution to the disputes surrounding the application of the above-mentioned laws.

关 键 词：侵权责任编 责任性质 归责原则 责任形态 责任承担 诉讼当事人 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]