侵权责任中的“相应的责任”——以《民法典》第1169条第2款为中心  

“Corresponding Liability”in Tort Liability:A Study Centered on Article 1169(2)of the Civil Code

作　　者：朱虎[1,2] Zhu Hu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第6期40-50,共11页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：中国人民大学学校社科项目(项目批准号:22XNQT12)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：《民法典》侵权责任编中多处规定了“相应的责任”,对此存在多方面争议。以监护人在他人教唆、帮助被监护人侵权时所承担的责任为中心,在外部关系中,监护人所承担的责任并非按份责任或者完全连带责任,也并非“相应的补充责任”。司法解释中将其规定为“共同承担责任”。这可以被理解为部分连带责任,且该理解并不违反连带责任法定化的规则。在内部追偿关系中,应当以多个责任主体之间是否存在合同关系作为区分。在责任主体之间存在合同关系时,可以依据是否承担违约赔偿责任和赔偿数额来判断追偿权的有无、主体和追偿数额。在责任主体之间不存在合同关系的情形中,更合理的方案是单向追偿,在教唆、帮助人和监护人之间,即监护人有权向作为终局责任人的教唆、帮助人追偿,但教唆、帮助人无权向监护人追偿。The Tort Liability Part of the Civil Code contains multiple provisions regarding"corresponding liability",which has sparked various controversies.Focusing on the liability of guardians in cases where others abet or assist their wards in committing torts,in external relations,the guardian's liability is neither several liability nor full joint and several liability,nor is it"corresponding supplementary liability".Judicial interpretations stipulate this as"jointly bearing liability".This can be interpreted as partial joint and several liability,and such interpretation does not violate the rule of statutory joint and several liability.In terms of internal recourse relationships,the distinction should be made based on whether there exists a contractual relationship between multiple liable parties.When there is a contractual relationship between liable parties,the existence,subject,and amount of recourse rights can be determined based on whether breach of contract liability is assumed and the amount of compensation.In cases where there is no contractual relationship between the liable parties,unidirectional recourse serves as a more reasonable solution.In the relationship between the abettor/assistant and the guardian,this means that while the guardian has the right to seek recourse from the abettor/assistant who bears ultimate liability,the abettor/assistant has no right to seek recourse from the guardian.

关 键 词：教唆、帮助人 监护人 相应的责任 部分连带责任 内部追偿 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]