中国司法案例制度的思维机制观察  

Observations on the Thinking Mechanism of China’s Judicial Case Institution

作　　者：刘楠 Liu Nan

机构地区：[1]四川省委政法委 [2]四川省法学会

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第6期120-136,共17页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：形式理性的规范模型假定人们能够获得足够的信息并通过冷静思考得出确定结论,与认知心理学对人类思维机制的发现不尽一致,在约束、解释裁判行为时也颇为局促。参考案例以比较案件相似性来得出结论,且在以法律规范“涵摄”事实得出结论之外为法官提供了另一个思维工具。尽管如此,思维机制却不因思维工具乃至法治程度的改变而根本改变,司法过程中发生系统性认知偏差的风险始终存在。认识到人类认知的弱点并以此出发,通过调整审判决策中的技术和完善案例库建设及使用中的细节,会有助于裁判质量提升。The normative model of formal rationality,which assumes that people are able to obtain enough information and arrive at definite conclusions through dispassionate thinking,is inconsistent with the discoveries of cognitive psychology on the mechanism of human thinking,and it is also rather restrictive in constraining and explaining adjudicative behavior.Reference cases,which draw conclusions by comparing the similarities of cases,provide judges with another thinking tool in addition to the legal norms that“encompass”the facts in order to draw conclusions.Nonetheless,the mechanisms of thinking do not fundamentally change as a result of changes in the tools of thinking or even in the degree of the rule of law,and the risk of systematic cognitive bias in the administration of justice is always present.Recognizing the weakness of human cognition and starting from it,the quality of adjudication will be improved by adjusting the techniques in judgmental decision-making and improving the details in the construction and use of the case base.

关 键 词：认知机制 认知偏差 法律方法 司法良知 案例库 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]