地理隔离与土地利用对北部湾海岸及岛屿土壤微生物分布的影响研究  

Effects of Geographical Isolation and Land Useon Soil Microbial Distribution of Coastal Area and Islands in Beibu Gulf

作　　者：光家材 张建兵 方丹亮 豆士杰 蔡芸霜 GUANG Jia-cai;ZHANG Jian-bing;FANG Dan-liang;DOU Shi-jie;CAI Yun-shuang(Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf,Ministry of Education,Nanning Norma University,Nanning Guangxi 530001,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation,Nanning Normal University,Nanning Guangxi 530001,China;School of Geography and Planning,Nanning Normal University,Nanning Guangxi 530001,China.)

机构地区：[1]南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室,南宁530001 [2]南宁师范大学广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室,南宁530001 [3]南宁师范大学地理科学与规划学院,南宁530001

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2025年第1期12-21,共10页Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42167040,42071135,41930537);广西自然科学基金项目(2015GXNSFBA139196);广西科技基地和人才专项项目(桂科AD19110142)。

摘　　要：为探明地理隔离(岛屿)与人类活动(土地利用)对土壤微生物分布格局及其演变的关键驱动因素,以广西壮族自治区北海市为研究区,包括大陆海岸带(北海大陆)、涠洲岛和斜阳岛,分析其土壤微生物(群落结构组成、生物量、多样性)的空间分布特征及其影响因素,探索北部湾区大陆海岸及岛屿土壤微生物生物地理学格局,解析地理隔离和土地利用方式的贡献率。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤微生物空间分异明显,涠洲岛和斜阳岛土壤微生物及其各组成群落生物量均显著高于大陆海岸,表现为斜阳岛>涠洲岛>北海大陆;(2)各分区土壤微生物群落均以土壤细菌为主,但各类微生物比例各异;(3)土壤微生物多样性指标的空间分布特征为涠洲岛拥有显著优势的Shannon-Wiener多样性和Simpson优势度,斜阳岛Pielou均匀度显著低于另两地,但其丰富度高于涠洲岛,并显著高于大陆海岸;(4)地理隔离、土地利用和土壤性质共同导致了研究区土壤微生物的分布特征,地理隔离导致土壤微生物群落特征在3地差异显著,土地利用驱使土壤微生物多样性分布符合中度干扰理论,相较于自然林,耕作显著降低了土壤微生物量和微生物丰富度,但提高了多样性指数、优势度指数与均匀度指数,土壤质地、养分与C/N对土壤微生物生物量影响显著,但土壤pH对土壤微生物群落结构、多样性的影响更为明显。To investigate the impact of geographical isolation(islands)and human activities(land use)on the distribution pattern and evolution of soil microorganisms,this study takes Beihai,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the research area,including the mainland coastal zone(Beihai Continent),Weizhou Island,and Xieyang Island.It analyses the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil microorganisms(including community structure composition,biomass and diversity),explores the soil microbial biogeographic pattern of the continental coast and islands in Beibu Gulf region and examines the contribution rate of geographical isolation and different land use types.The results are as follows:(1)There is an obvious spatial differentiation of soil microorganisms in the study areas,and the biomass of soil microorganisms and their constituent communities on Weizhou Island and Xieyang Island is significantly higher than that in continental coast,presenting a distribution trend of Xieyang Island>Weizhou Island>Beihai Continent.(2)Soil bacteria is the dominant community in all study areas,but the ratio of different microorganisms varies.(3)In terms of the spatial distribution characteristics of soil microbial diversity indicators,Weizhou Island has significant advantages of Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson index,while Xieyang Island has the lowest Pielou evenness index,but its richness index is higher than that in Weizhou Island and significantly higher than that in continental coast.(4)Geographical isolation,land use and soil properties are the driving factors of the distribution characteristics of soil microorganisms in the study areas.Geographical isolation has caused significant spatial differences of soil microbial community characteristics in the three study areas;the soil microbial diversity distribution driven by land use is consistent with the moderate interference theory;compared to the natural forests,tillage reduces the soil microbial biomass and richness significantly,but improves the diversit

关 键 词：土壤微生物分布 地理隔离 土地利用方式 土壤性质 岛屿 

分 类 号：P935[天文地球—自然地理学]