反垄断执法约谈的规范化续造——兼评《反垄断法》第五十五条  

Continuation of the Standardization of Antitrust Enforcement Interviews—Comments on Article 55 of the Antitrust Law

作　　者：冯涛 FENG Tao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2025年第1期140-157,共18页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“适应新时代市场监管需要的权力配置研究”(项目编号:20&ZD194)。

摘　　要：修法之前,执法约谈从未见于反垄断相关的正式且生效的规范性文件,但实践中却被作为一种柔性执法方式在不同程度上运用。考察执法实践发现,约谈手段在反垄断领域呈现多种样态,反映出约谈泛化的现象,并存在延续的倾向。新《反垄断法》第五十五条及配套规章建立了执法约谈制度的基本框架,尽管一定程度上能够规范执法约谈实践,但对部分现实问题缺少足够的制度回应和前瞻,执法约谈的启动条件宽泛、法律后果不明、以纠代罚或以约代罚等问题仍有待解决。规范反垄断执法约谈应当遵循反垄断执法总体谦抑的理念,恪守正当程序的基本原则,在提升反垄断执法主动性和回应性的基础上,协调好同其他执法措施的关系。在基本明确方向后,可以从启动机制、过程控制、事后保障三方面实现反垄断执法约谈的规范化续造。Prior to the law revision,formal and effective normative documents related to antitrust did not include provisions for enforcement interviews;however,in practice,it has been utilized as a flexible method of law enforcement to varying degrees.Analysis of enforcement practices reveals that there are diverse patterns observed in antitrust field regarding interview methods,indicating a trend towards generalization and continuity.The new Article 55 of the Antitrust Law and its accompanying regulations have established a fundamental framework for the enforcement interview system.While it can partially standardize the practice of enforcement interviews,it lacks comprehensive mechanisms and foresight to address practical issues such as broad initiation conditions,uncertain legal consequences,and corrective or punitive measures resulting from interviews.To achieve standardization in antitrust enforcement interviews,we should adhere to moderation in antitrust enforcement,abide by basic principles of due process,and coordinate with other law enforcement measures while enhancing proactive engagement and responsiveness in antitrust actions.Once these directions are clarified,standardization can be achieved through improvements in initiation mechanisms,process control measures,and post-event safeguards.

关 键 词：反垄断执法 执法约谈 反垄断谦抑性 正当程序 柔性执法 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]