国内典型含油气盆地异常地层压力特征及成因分析  

Characteristics and origin analysis of abnormal formation pressure in typical petroliferous basins in China

作　　者：谢方克 XIE Fangke(SINOPEC International Petroleum Exploration and Production Corporation,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化国际石油勘探开发有限公司,北京100029

出　　处：《复杂油气藏》2024年第4期380-384,395,共6页Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

摘　　要：针对国内不同构造性质的克拉通、裂谷和前陆三大类盆地,搜集有关文献等资料对其地层压力分布特征进行了宏观统计分析,发现三大类盆地中均有异常压力地层存在,异常高压地层在克拉通和前陆盆地中占有较大比重,而在裂谷盆地中异常高压和低压现象都有发育。就异常地层压力形成的地质背景和成因特征而言,通过对地层压力与盆地的构造活动强弱、断裂发育情况、地层沉积速率、温度场的分布以及成烃作用等的关系比较研究,认为盆地构造稳定性是异常压力形成和保存的基础,沉积速率的快慢和有机质热解生烃是异常地层压力产生的具体促发条件,这些因素对油气成藏和保存起着重要的制约作用。Aiming at the three major types of basins in China with different structural characteristics:cratonic,rift,and foreland,this paper collects relevant data and conducts a macro statistical analysis of the distribution characteristics of formation pressure.It is found that abnormal pressure formations exists in all three types of basins,and abnormally high-pressure formations account for a larger proportion in cratonic and foreland basins,while abnormally high and low-pressure phenomena are developed in rift basins.In terms of the geological background and genetic characteristics of abnormal formation pressure formation,through comparative research on the relationship between formation pressure and the strength of basin tectonic activity,the development of faults,the rate of stratigraphic deposition,the distribution of temperature fields,and the role of kerogen maturation in hydrocarbon generation,it is believed that the stability of basin structure is the basis for the formation and preservation of abnormal pressure.The rate of deposition and the maturation of organic matter into hydrocarbons are the specific triggering conditions for the generation of abnormal formation pressure.These factors play an important role in constraining the formation and preservation of oil and gas accumulations.

关 键 词：异常地层压力 盆地分类 构造稳定系数 沉积速率 生烃作用 

分 类 号：TE122[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]