权力颠覆和自我超越——斯帕克《布罗迪小姐的青春》中的凝视机制  

Power Subversion and Self-transcendence:Gaze Mechanism in the Prime of Miss Jean Brodie by Muriel Spark

作　　者：赵芝贤 Zhao Zhixian(School of Foreign Languages,Shanghai University,Shanghai,200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学,上海200444

出　　处：《语言与文化研究》2025年第1期222-225,共4页Language and Culture Research

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金后期资助项目《沃尔特·司各特历史小说的苏格兰文化记忆建构研究》(21FFWB016);2019年度上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题《沃尔特·司各特历史小说的记忆伦理研究》(2019EWY009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：苏格兰作家缪里尔·斯帕克的代表作《布罗迪小姐的青春》以二战后苏格兰为背景,从性别、阶级、民族三个层面探寻小说中各角色在凝视关系下主客体之间关系的建立,被欲望压制的权力客体对权力主体的反抗与对抗凝视,以及在对抗凝视过程中对自我客体身份的突破与颠覆,在反凝视的过程中获得身份认同。女性反抗父权制旧社会的传统力量,对男性欲望及社会旧势力进行视觉较量,通过反凝视构建起女性话语权,突破传统权力层级的限制。二战期间苏格兰经济严重受创,长期处于英格兰的从属地位,苏格兰与英格兰之间的凝视关系体现出苏格兰民族身份的建构与认同的紧迫性,表达出对英格兰苏格兰两种文化平等关系的追寻。《布罗迪小姐的青春》中的凝视书写试图颠覆既有的权力关系,实现自我身份的超越。Set in post-World War II Scotland,Scottish writer Muriel Spark’s masterpiece The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie explores the establishment of the relationship between subject and object in the novel from three levels:gender,class,and nationality in the relationship of gaze,the resistance of the object of power suppressed by desire against the subject of power and against the gaze,as well as the breakthrough and subversion of the identity of the self-object in the process of confronting the gaze,and the counter-gaze.In the process of counter-gazing,they obtain their identity.Women rebelled against the traditional power of the old patriarchal society,visually competed against male desires and old social forces,and constructed women’s discourse through the counter-gaze,breaking through the limitations of the traditional power hierarchy.The Scottish economy was severely hit during World War II,and it has been subordinated to England for a long time.The gaze relationship between Scotland and England reflects the urgency of the construction and identity of Scottish national identity,and expresses the search for the equal relationship between the two cultures of England and Scotland.The new perspective of gaze theory provides a new way of thinking about the power and identity relationship between the gaze subject and the“other”under the gaze mechanism.

关 键 词：《布罗迪小姐的青春》 缪里尔·斯帕克 凝视 权力 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]