通过强化洗涤提升铀产品质量的研究  

Research on Enhancing the Quality of Uranium Products Through Enhanced Washing

作　　者：薛玉东 刘永涛 隋杰 刘辉[2] 李涛 李鹏举 霍玉宝 高东星 程瑞泉 XUE Yudong;LIU Yongtao;SUI Jie;LIU Hui;LI Tao;LI Pengju;HUO Yubao;GAO Dongxing;CHENG Ruiquan(Guyuan Uranium Co.,Ltd.,CNNC,Zhangjiakou 076561,China;Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy,CNNC,Beijing 101149,China)

机构地区：[1]中核沽源铀业有限责任公司,河北张家口076561 [2]核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京101149

出　　处：《山东化工》2024年第23期216-218,226,共4页Shandong Chemical Industry

摘　　要：某铀矿企业采用碱法沉淀生产重铀酸钠,铀合格液、铀沉母液、反萃剂形成闭式循环,杂质离子在此循环回路中不断积累,不利于降低产品杂质含量,同时该铀矿位于严寒的北方,冬季产品装桶后体积膨胀严重,出现“胀桶”现象,影响包装质量,存在产品泄露风险,外运后增加卸料难度。本文针对以上问题开展了相关原因分析和试验研究,结果显示产品中的主要杂质离子是硫酸根和碳酸根,其中硫酸根的来源是铀饱有中的硫酸铀酰与碳酸钠反应生成的硫酸钠,碳酸根是合格液未反应的碳酸根、碳酸氢钠与氢氧化钠反应所生成,而产品中的硫酸钠在温度降低时的盐胀及冻胀是造成铀产品“胀桶”的根本原因。通过优化原有工艺,在铀产品浆料过滤前增加洗涤过程,可有效降低产品中的杂质含量,洗涤后的硫酸根含量降低59.48%,碳酸根含量降低42.94%,同时使产品中铀含量提高了3.96%,产品胀桶情况明显改善,整体质量得到有效提升。研究成果已应用到生产运行中,明显提升了铀产品质量,彻底解决了铀产品盐胀的问题。A certain uranium mining enterprise uses alkaline precipitation to produce sodium uranate.The qualified uranium solution,uranium precipitation mother liquor,and stripping agent form a closed cycle,and impurity ions continuously accumulate in this cycle,which is not conducive to reducing the impurity content of the product.At the same time,the uranium mine is located in the extremely cold north.In winter,the volume of the product expands severely after being packaged in barrels,resulting in the phenomenon of"barrel expansion",which affects the packaging quality and poses a risk of product leakage.After external transportation,it increases the difficulty of unloading.This article conducted relevant analysis and experimental research on the above issues,and the results showed that the main impurity ions in the product are sulfate and carbonate ions.Among them,the sodium sulfate formed by the reaction of uranyl sulfate and sodium carbonate in uranium saturated solution is the source of sulfate ions,and the source of carbonate ions is the unreacted carbonate ions in qualified solution.The salt swelling and freezing swelling of sodium sulfate in the product when the temperature decreases are the fundamental reasons for the"barrel swelling"of uranium products.By optimizing the original process and adding a washing process before filtering the uranium product slurry,the impurity content in the product can be effectively reduced.After washing,the sulfate content is reduced by 59.48% and the carbonate content is reduced by 42.94%.At the same time,the uranium content in the product is increased by 3.96%,and the expansion of the product barrel is significantly improved.The overall quality of the product is effectively improved.The research results have been applied to production and operation,significantly improving the quality of uranium products and completely solving the problem of salt expansion in uranium products.

关 键 词：铀 产品质量 强化洗涤 杂质含量 盐胀 

分 类 号：TQ136.2[化学工程—无机化工]