论一阶量词及其语义解释  

On First⁃order Quantifiers and Their Semantic Interpretations

作　　者：张力锋[1] Zhang Li-feng(Department of Philosophy,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,南京210023

出　　处：《外语学刊》2025年第1期106-112,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“当代逻辑与语言哲学视域下的模态认识论研究”(20AZX015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：一阶量词具有极大的普遍性,可以统一地处理由于论域变化造成的无限多日常量词。基于一阶语言公式的严格递归构造,重叠量化式归根结底可诉诸原子句和逻辑常项(特别是量词)的意义,得到准确的理解。代入解释挑战标准的量词解释,将量化语句的真还原为相应去量化语句的代入实例的真,而代入实例被规定或设定为真未必是在存在论意义上,从而既能刻画一阶推理的有效性,又可确保量词作为逻辑常项的本体论中立性。但量化语句并未因代入量词的本体论中立而在语言实践中被剥夺存在含意,它的存在含意下沉至名字及命名关系;克里普克建构的代入量化语义佐证了以上论点,可以驳斥将代入量化看作一种特殊对象量化的误读,代入量化只表明量化语句的真值条件是某些代入实例为真,而不是将量化语句翻译或还原为那个代入实例。First⁃order quantifiers have great universality and can uniformly handle infinitely many ordinary quantifiers,which are caused by variances of domain.Based on the strict recursive construction of first⁃order language formulas,iterative quantified formulas can be understood accurately by appealing to meanings of atomic sentences and logical constants(particularly,quantifiers).Substitutional interpretation challenges the standard interpretation of quantifier and reduces the truth of a quantified sen⁃tence to the truth of substitutional instances of a corresponding de⁃quantified sentence,while the substitution instances may not be specified or supposed in an ontological sense.Hence,substitutional interpretation can not only characterize the validity of first⁃order reasoning,but also guarantee the ontological neutrality of quantifiers as logical constants.However,quantified sentences are not deprived of the existential import in linguistic practice due to the ontological neutrality of substitutional quantifiers,and their existential import descends to names and naming relations.The semantics of substitution quantification constructed by Kripke supports the above arguments and can refute the misreading of substitution quantification as a special sort of object quantification.The substitution quantification only indicates that the truth condition of quantified sentences is that some substitution instances are true,rather than translating or reducing quantified sentences to substitution instances.

关 键 词：量词 满足 代入解释 本体论承诺 真值条件 名字 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]