情势变更原则下再交涉制度研究  

Deconstruction of change of circumstancesrenegotiation obligation in a functionalist perspective

作　　者：刘佳沐 冯永军[1] LIU Jiamu;FENG Yongjun(Zhengzhou University,Law School,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学法学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《周口师范学院学报》2024年第6期110-116,共7页Journal of Zhoukou Normal University

摘　　要：《民法典》第533条将再交涉制度纳入情势变更原则,将再交涉作为缓解合同僵局的重要工具,《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉合同编通则若干问题的解释》第32条进一步细化了再交涉制度在司法实践中的应用,但其法律性质仍处于模糊状态。功能主义视角下解构再交涉制度,可以发现该制度发挥着鼓励意思自治、促进交易效率、分担合同风险的作用,将再交涉定性为义务符合其功能价值。再交涉义务作为一种不真正义务,当事人不履行或瑕疵履行再交涉义务要负担相应的不利益,将会使当事人丧失中止履行抗辩权的援引资格,按既有状态继续履行合同;影响审判机关对合同既有状态发生实质变化时间节点的判断,从而使当事人所维持的合同风险利益发生减损,但不影响当事人诉讼权利的完满实现,不妨碍当事人对合同调整方案的选择权。Article 533 of the Civil Code includes the renegotiation system into the situation change principle,which takes renegotiation as an important tool to alleviate contract deadlock.The Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of Contract further refines the application of the renegotiation system in judicial practice,but its legal nature is still in a fuzzy state.Deconstructing the renegotiation system from the perspective of functionalism,we can find that it plays a role in encouraging autonomy of will,promoting transaction efficiency and sharing contract risks.The qualitative renegotiation as an obligation is in line with its functional value.As an untrue obligation,the party failing to perform or performing the renegotiation obligation with defects will bear corresponding disadvantage,which will make the party lose the qualification to invoke the right to suspend performance of the defence and continue to perform the contract according to the existing status;restrict the party to exercise the litigation right,but not hinder the party's right to choose the contract adjustment plan;affect the judgment of the judicial organ on the time node of the substantive change of the existing status of the contract,so that the party will suffer the deduction of the interests of contract risk.

关 键 词：情势变更 再交涉 不真正义务 风险利益 

分 类 号：D913.6[政治法律—民商法学]