灌溉水质-种植方式结合对银北灌区盐碱地水热盐状况的影响  

Effect of the combined of quality of irrigation water and planting patterns of maize on soil temperature,humidity,salinity in Yinbei Irrigation Area

作　　者：樊丽琴[1] 王旭 沈婧丽 李磊 FAN Li-qin;WANG Xu;SHEN Jing-li;LI Lei(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第11期70-79,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960274);宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-11-03);农业基础性长期性科技工作观测监测(NAES091AE18)。

摘　　要：探索宁夏银北灌区盐碱地玉米的节灌控盐栽培技术模式,为干旱半干旱区盐碱地作物高效栽培提供技术支撑。设置田间试验处理,包括半膜平播(HM)、垄覆白膜沟播(RWF)、垄覆白膜沟播+沟间覆秸秆(RWFM)、垄覆黑膜沟播(RBF)、垄覆黑膜沟播+沟间覆秸秆(RBFM)5种玉米种植方式和黄河水、低矿化度退水、高矿化度退水3种灌溉水质,退水为微咸水,研究了玉米种植方式结合灌溉水质对玉米田土壤水热盐状况的影响。结果表明:(1)农田退水灌溉下,耕层土壤温度表现为“半膜平播”高于“垄膜沟播”种植方式;随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,“半膜平播”种植方式下耕层土壤温度呈增加趋势,“垄覆白膜沟播”种植方式下耕层土壤温度呈先降低后增加趋势,秸秆覆盖措施降低了耕层土壤温度。(2)“半膜平播”种植方式下,随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,耕层土壤湿度呈增加趋势,“垄覆白膜”沟播种植方式下,耕层土壤湿度呈先降低后增加趋势;“垄膜沟播”种植方式缓解了10 cm深度土壤湿度的急剧变化,结合沟间覆秸秆措施,这种缓解效应更明显。(3)黄河水灌溉下采取“垄覆白膜沟播”种植方式,农田退水灌溉下采取“垄覆黑膜沟播+沟间覆秸秆”种植方式在控制0~20 cm土层盐分增加方面效果较好,“低矿化度退水灌溉+垄覆黑膜沟播+秸秆覆盖”处理还有利于降低40~80 cm土层土壤盐分。在银北灌区,黄河水灌溉下采取“垄覆白膜沟播”种植方式,农田退水灌溉下采取“垄覆黑膜沟播+秸秆覆盖”种植方式可优化土壤水热环境,并可有效控制0~20 cm土层盐分增加。The researoh explored the cultivation mode of water-saving and salinity-controlling for maize in Yinbei Irrigation Area of Ningxia,in order to provide technical supports for crop efficient planting in arid and semi-arid area.Field experimental treatments were set up,five planting patterns for maize,including half film mulching(HM),ridge-furrow planting with white film mulching over ridge only(RWF),ridge-furrow planting with white film mulching over ridge and maize straw mulching over furrow(RWFM),ridge-furrow planting with black film mulching over ridge only(RBF),ridge-furrow planting with black film mulching over ridge and corn straw mulching over furrow(RBFM),and three water qualities for irrigation,including yellow river,low-salinity drainage water and high-salinity drainage water,were conducted.The drainage water involved in this study was brackish water.The effect of the combined of quality of irrigation water and planting patterns of maize on soil moisture,temperature,salinity were studied.The results showed that:(1)The soil temperature of topsoil in HM was higher than that in ridge-furrow planting method under the condition of drainage water irrigation;With the increase of salinity of irrigation water,the topsoil temperature increased in HM.while the topsoil temperature decreased first and then increased in RWF,and straw mulching decreased the topsoil temperature.(2)The higher the salinity of irrigation water was,the greater the topsoil humidity in HM treatment would be.and the topsoil humidity decreased first and then increased in RMF treatment.Ridge-furrow planting alleviated the sharp change of soil humidity at a depth of 10 cm compared with HM.And the mitigation effect was more obvious when combined with straw mulching over furrow.(3)RWF under Yellow River water irrigation,and RBFM under drainage water irrigation could effectively control the soil salt content of 0-20 cm soil layer,while the latter under the condition of low-salinity drainage water irrigation was beneficial to reduce the soil salt cont

关 键 词：银北灌区 盐碱地 灌溉水质 玉米种植方式 土壤温度 土壤湿度 土壤盐分 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]