不同施肥处理及接种根瘤菌对大豆养分吸收、产量及土壤细菌组成的影响  

Effects of different fertilization treatments and rhizobial inoculation on soybean nutrient uptake,yield and soil bacterial community

作　　者：吕继龙 赵士诚[2] LV Ji-long;ZHAO Shi-cheng(Management Committee of Henan Zhoukou National Agricultural Science and Technology Park,Zhoukou Henan 477150;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]河南周口国家农业科技园区管理委员会,河南周口477150 [2]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第11期107-113,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2022YFD1700605);农田智慧施肥项目(05)。

摘　　要：施肥和接种根瘤菌剂是促进大豆生长的重要因素,探究不同施肥处理对根瘤菌接种效果及大豆生长的影响,为大豆高产高效提供理论依据。试验采用双因素设计,以施肥为主处理,包括氮磷钾、氮钾、磷钾、不施肥;添加根瘤菌剂和不添加根瘤菌剂为副处理。盛花期和鼓粒期取样测定大豆根瘤数量和重量,盛花期测定土壤细菌群体组成,成熟期测定大豆产量及养分吸收量,评价施肥和接种根瘤菌对大豆生长和土壤细菌特性的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾平衡施肥较缺素处理大豆增产13.3%~40.1%,添加根瘤菌较不添加根瘤菌处理大豆增产0.1%~11.5%。氮磷钾平衡施用、添加根瘤菌均提高大豆养分吸收量和根瘤重量,且氮磷钾处理较其他处理氮吸收量显著提高30.5%~100.0%。添加根瘤菌的大豆根瘤数量提高9.3%~53.8%,并且盛花期缺氮条件下添加根瘤菌的根瘤数量增加最高(48.2%~53.0%)。施氮处理下添加根瘤菌降低了土壤变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度,提高了酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)的相对丰度。添加根瘤菌能提高供试土壤中中华根瘤菌属的相对丰度,并且在施氮条件下较不施氮达到显著差异。总之,平衡施肥以及接种根瘤菌能促进大豆根瘤的形成、提高大豆的养分吸收和产量及土壤中华根瘤菌属细菌的相对丰度。Fertilization and rhizobial inoculation are important measures for improving soybean growth.The effects of different fertilization treatments on rhizobial application and soybean growth were explored to provide a theoretical basis for achieving high yield and efficiency in soybean production.The experiment adopted a two-factor design,the main treatment consisted of 4 treatments,including balanced fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(NPK),fertilization of nitrogen and phosphorus without potassium(NP),fertilization of phosphorus and potassium without nitrogen(PK)and the control(CK);the sub-treatment involved the addition of rhizobial inoculation(AR)or not(NAR).The yield and nutrient uptake of soybean aboveground at mature stage,the number and weight of plant nodules at full-bloom stage and pod-filling stage and the relative abundance of soil bacteria at full-bloom stage were measured to assess the effect of fertilization and rhizobial inoculation on soybean growth.The results showed that the NPK treatment increased soybean yield by 13.3%-40.1%than the treatments of NP,PK and CK,respectively.Compared to treatments without rhizobial inoculation,the inoculation with rhizobium increased soybean yield by 0.1%-11.5%.The balanced application of N,P and K and the addition of rhizobium enhanced nutrient absorption and increased the nodule weight of soybean.Specifically,N uptake in NPK treatment significantly increased by 30.5%-100.0%compared to other treatments.The number of soybean nodules increased by 9.3%-53.8%with adding rhizobium;especially,PK treatment significantly increased nodule by 48.2%-53.0%at full-bloom stage.The addition of rhizobium under nitrogen treatment reduced the relative abundance of soil Proteobacteria but increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria.Furthermore,the addition of rhizobium increased the relative abundance of Sinorhizobium in the tested soil,and achieved significant differences under N application condition compared to no N application.Overall,the balanced fertilizatio

关 键 词：大豆 施肥 根瘤菌接种 根瘤形成 土壤细菌 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S154.3