化肥减量配施生物有机肥对水稻产量、土壤结构和土壤固碳增汇能力的影响  

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer on rice yield,soilstructure and soil carbon sequestration capacity

作　　者：芦燕 魏倩倩 徐青山 张耿苗 赵钰杰 伍少福 张均华[2] 朱春权 LU Yan;WEI Qian-qian;XU Qing-shan;ZHANG Geng-miao;ZHAO Yu-jie;WU Shao-fu;ZHANG Jun-hua;ZHU Chun-quan(Jinan Sub-District Office of Zhuji,Zhuji Zhejiang 311800;State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310006;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhuji City,Zhuji Zhejiang 311800;Shaoxing Grain and Oil Crop Technology Extension Center,Shaoxing Zhejiang 312000)

机构地区：[1]诸暨市人民政府暨南街道办事处,浙江诸暨311800 [2]中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室,浙江杭州310006 [3]诸暨市农业技术推广中心,浙江诸暨311800 [4]绍兴市粮油作物技术推广中心,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第11期114-121,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划(2023C02005);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作项目(2022SNJF001)。

摘　　要：为了探究减氮配施生物有机肥对水稻产量、土壤结构和土壤固碳增汇能力的影响,分别设置无氮肥对照(CK)、常规施肥(T1)、减氮10%配施生物有机肥(T2)和减氮20%配施生物有机肥(T3)4个处理。结果表明,与T1处理相比,减氮配施生物有机肥(T2和T3)处理对水稻产量和稻米品质没有显著影响,但是显著增加了土壤有机质含量和水稻氮利用效率。与T1处理相比,T2和T3处理显著增加了≥0.25 nm土壤团聚体(大团聚体)的比例,降低了<0.25 nm土壤团聚体(小团聚体)的比例,并显著增加了不同粒径团聚体中的有机质含量。同时,T2和T3处理显著增加了土壤中颗粒有机碳的含量和比例,增加了矿物结合态有机碳的含量,但是降低了其在土壤中的比例。T2和T3处理同时增加了土壤中脲酶和蔗糖酶活性、微生物生物量碳和氮含量、细菌和固碳菌的丰度。因此,水稻生产中可通过施加生物有机肥来减少氮肥施加、维持水稻产量和保持土壤地力水平。In order to explore the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer on rice yield,soil structure and soil carbon sequestration capacity,four treatments were set up,including no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilizer(T1),10%nitrogen reduction combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer(T2)and 20%nitrogen reduction combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer(T3).The results showed that,compared with T1 treatment,nitrogen reduction combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer treatments(T2 and T3)had no effect on the rice yield and rice quality,however,significantly increased soil organic matter content and rice nitrogen use efficiency.Compared with T1 treatment,nitrogen reduction combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer treatments(T2 and T3)significantly increased the proportion of soil aggregates of≥0.25 nm(large aggregates),decreased the proportion of soil aggregates of<0.25 nm(small aggregates),and significantly increased the organic matter content in each particle sizes of aggregates.At the same time,T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the content and proportion of particulate organic carbon in the soil,increased the content of mineral bound organic carbon,however,decreased its proportion in the soil.T2 and T3 treatments simultaneously increased the activities of urease and sucrase,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content and the abundance of bacteria and carbon fixing bacteria in the soil.Therefore,in rice production,the application of bio-organic fertilizers could be used to reduce nitrogen fertilizer application,maintain rice yield and maintain soil fertility levels.

关 键 词：水稻 减氮 生物有机肥 固碳增汇 微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]