基于频数分析法的西辽河灌区盐碱地春玉米适宜水氮用量研究  

Study on the suitable water and nitrogen application for spring maize in the saline-alkali soils of the Xiliao River Irrigation Area based on frequency analysis method

作　　者：崔翔 刘美英 景宇鹏 史培 段海文 张兰英 张东旭[3] 沈祥军[3] 孟庆伟 CUI Xiang;LIU Mei-ying;JING Yu-peng;SHI Pei;DUAN Hai-wen;ZHANG Lan-ying;ZHANG Dong-xu;SHEN Xiang-jun;MENG Qing-wei(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Safety and Green Development of Autonomous Region Universities,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010011;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010031;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Kerqin District,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000;Comprehensive Security and Technology Extension Center,Kailu Town People’s Government,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]通辽市科尔沁区农业技术推广中心,内蒙古通辽028000 [4]通辽市开鲁县开鲁镇人民政府综合保障与技术推广中心,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第11期136-143,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0065,2022YFDZ0067)。

摘　　要：为了探求西辽河灌区盐碱地春玉米的适宜灌水量和追施氮量,采用双因素随机区组设计试验,设置3个灌溉量(W1,1800 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W2,1440 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W3,1080 m^(3)·hm^(-2))、3个追施氮量(N1,390 kg·hm^(-2);N2,273 kg·hm^(-2);N3,156 kg·hm^(-2))和1个既不灌水也不追施氮肥的对照处理。分析不同水氮梯度对春玉米水氮利用效率的影响,建立春玉米产量与灌溉量及追施氮量之间的回归模型,研究不同灌溉量和追施氮量对春玉米产量的影响,通过频数分析法得出西辽河灌区盐碱地春玉米适宜水氮用量。结果表明:在西辽河灌区盐碱地中,灌溉和追施氮肥对春玉米均有增产效应,水、氮交互作用为正效应,水分的作用大于施氮的作用;春玉米W3条件下灌溉水利用效率和N3条件下氮肥偏生产力高于其他处理。西辽河灌区盐碱地春玉米最高产量为9912 kg·hm^(-2),对应的灌溉量编码为0.80(实际用量1440 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),追施氮量编码为0.70(实际用量273 kg·hm^(-2))。通过模型寻优,得到西辽河灌区盐碱地种植春玉米的最佳水、氮配比方案为全生育期灌溉量为1271.7~1673.82 m^(3)·hm^(-2)、总追施氮量为224.95~342.34 kg·hm^(-2)。优化方案的水、氮用量分别较当地灌溉量(1800 m^(3)·hm^(-2))节水7%~29.4%,追施氮量(390 kg·hm^(-2))节肥12.2%~42.3%。优化范围包含了试验中春玉米最高产量的水、氮用量,产量与当地产量基本一致,符合当地灌溉及追施氮肥要求。In order to explore the appropriate amount of irrigation water and top-dressing nitrogen for spring corn in the saline-alkali land of the Xiliao River Irrigation Area,a two-factor randomized block design experiment was adopted,and three irrigation amounts(W1,1800 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W2,1440 m^(3)·hm^(-2);W3,1080 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),3 topdressing nitrogen rates(N1,390 kg·hm^(-2);N2,273 kg·hm^(-2);N3,156 kg·hm^(-2))and a control treatment without irrigation and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer were set up.The impact of different water and nitrogen gradients on the water and nitrogen use efficiency of spring corn was analyzed,a regression model between spring corn yield and irrigation amount and top-dressing nitrogen amount was established,and the impact of different irrigation amounts and top-dressing nitrogen amount on spring corn yield was studied.Frequency analysis method was used to obtain the appropriate water and nitrogen dosage for spring corn in saline-alkali soil in Xiliao River Irrigation Area.The results showed that in the saline-alkali land of the Xiliao River Irrigation Area,both irrigation and top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer had a yield-increasing effect on spring corn.The interaction between water and nitrogen was a positive effect,and the effect of water was greater than the effect of nitrogen application.Irrigation water utilization efficiency of spring corn under W3 conditions and the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity under N3 conditions was higher than other treatments.The maximum yield of spring corn in the saline-alkali land in the Xiliao River Irrigation District was 9912 kg·hm^(-2),the corresponding irrigation amount code was 0.80(actual dosage was 1440 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),and the topdressing nitrogen amount code was 0.70(actual dosage was 273 kg·hm^(-2)).Through model optimization,the optimal water and nitrogen ratio scheme for planting spring corn in saline-alkali land in the Xiliao River Irrigation Area was that the irrigation amount during the entire growth period was 1271.7-1673.82 m^(3)

关 键 词：春玉米 产量 盐碱地 频数分析 水氮利用效率 水氮用量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]