不同连作年限对食用木薯产量、品质及土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of different continuous cropping years on the yield,quality and soil microbial community of edible cassava

作　　者：阮丽霞 李恒锐 梁振华 蔡兆琴 兰秀 陈会鲜 何文 韦婉羚 李天元 黄珍玲 杨海霞 张秀芬 郭素云 张远飞 叶骏菲 RUAN Li-xia;LI Heng-rui;LIANG Zhen-hua;CAI Zhao-qin;LAN Xiu;CHEN Hui-xian;HE Wen;WEI Wan-ling;LI Tian-yuan;HUANG Zhen-ling;YANG Hai-xia;ZHANG Xiu-fen;GUO Su-yun;ZHANG Yuan-fei;YE Jun-fei(Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute,Longzhou Guangxi 532415;Nanning Soil and Fertilizer Workstation,Nanning Guangxi 530007;Nanning Meteorological Bureau,Nanning Guangxi 530007)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415 [2]南宁市土壤肥料工作站,广西南宁530007 [3]南宁市气象局,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第11期181-195,共15页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1600600);广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSDBA026150);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2023YM27)。

摘　　要：为探究连作对食用木薯产量、品质及土壤微生物群落的影响,以不同连作年限食用木薯及其根际土壤为研究对象,采用Illumina高通量测序分析根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性,同时测定不同连作年限食用木薯产量、品质、土壤理化性质及酶活性的变化。结果表明,食用木薯连作显著降低了其产量和品质,主要表现为株高、茎粗、薯长、粗淀粉、可溶性糖、粗蛋白和β-类胡萝卜素含量下降,粗纤维含量升高;土壤pH值、有机质和碱解氮含量随着连作年限的延长而降低,有效磷和速效钾含量显著升高,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著下降。多年连作使食用木薯根际土壤细菌丰富度显著升高,多样性降低,土壤真菌丰富度和多样性降低,并改变了微生物群落结构,优势菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的相对丰度显著降低,芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度显著升高,有益菌热酸菌属(Acidothermus)、假丝酵母菌属(Candidatus_Solibacter)、苔藓杆菌属(Bryobacter)、木霉菌属(Trichoderma)的相对丰度显著降低,病原菌镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和罗尔斯属(Ralstonia)的相对丰度则显著增加。Spearman相关性分析显示,所测土壤环境因子与产量、品质存在显著相关性,对产量和品质影响较大的环境因子排序为pH>碱解氮>有效磷>速效钾>过氧化氢酶>有机质>蔗糖酶>脲酶,环境因子对薯长、产量和β-类胡萝卜素的影响最为显著;土壤环境因子与土壤微生物多样性及优势菌门、菌属存在显著甚至极显著相关性,食用木薯长年连作使土壤环境因子变劣,进而影响了土壤微生物群落结构,导致土壤菌群失衡,产量和品质下降,造成连作障碍,并且连作障碍在食用木薯连续种植的第3年开始凸显。研究结果旨在为揭示食用木薯连作障碍形成机制及缓解措施提�To investigate the effects of continuous cropping on the yield,quality and soil microbial community of edible cassava,the rhizosphere soil with different continuous cropping years of edible cassava were selected as the research objects.Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the structure and diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial community,and the changes in yield and quality,soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity of edible cassava with different continuous cropping years were measured.The results showed that continuous cropping of edible cassava significantly reduced the yield and quality,mainly manifested in the decrease of plant height,stem diameter,potato length,crude starch,soluble sugar,crude protein andβ-carotenoid contents,and the increase of crude fiber content.With the extension of continuous cropping,the soil pH value,organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content were decreased,the content of available phosphorus and available potassium were increased significantly,and the activities of sucrase,urease and catalase decreased significantly.Years of continuous cropping significantly increased the bacterial richness and decreased the bacterial diversity of soil,decreased the fungal richness and diversity of soil,and altered the microbial community structure.The relative abundance of Acidobacteriota,Chloroflexi and Basidiomycota were significantly decreased,while the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota and Ascomycota were significantly increased.The relative abundance of soil fungi such as Basidiomycota was decreased significantly,while the relative abundance of Ascomycota was increased significantly.The relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera such as Acidothermus,Candidatus_Solibacter,Bryobacter,and Trichoderma were decreased significantly,while the relative abundance of pathogenic genera such as Fusarium and Ralstonia were increased significantly.Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the measured soil envir

关 键 词：食用木薯 连作 产量和品质 微生物群落 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学] S154.3