上海伶界联合会考论  

Investigation of the Shanghai Federation of Chinese Xiqu Artists

作　　者：姜岩 JIANG Yan

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言文学系

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2024年第6期93-106,共14页Theatre Arts

摘　　要：上海伶界联合会在民主革命与戏曲改良的社会、文化思潮的联合推动下应运而生,首开民国时期戏曲同业成立新型组织的风气,又在中华人民共和国成立之初归于国有化一途,是传统戏曲现代化转型的样本。就其内部而言,上海伶界联合会的组织建设与艺术实践互为参照,亦即组织章程规定着艺术实践的原则和方向,通过筹办会戏又能修正组织的方案与机制;就其外部而言,积极开展沟通同业、助力教育、义务赈灾等工作,在此过程中,伶人的各项素质也得到提升,成为革新社会的重要力量之一,相应地,戏曲也获得某种文化建构的能动性,逐步摆脱通俗教育的机械定位。整理与辨析上海伶界联合会的相关史料,我们收获的不只是民国戏曲之发生、发展的历史细节,还有重新审视民国戏曲史的组织之视角。The Shanghai Federation of Chinese Xiqu Artists emerged from the combined influence of social and cultural trends during the democratic revolution and advancements in Xiqu.It was the first organization of its kind in the opera industry during the Republic of China period and later became nationalized at the beginning of New China.This organization exemplifies the modernization and transformation of traditional Xiqu.Internally,the structure of the Shanghai Federation and its artistic practices inform each other;the organization's constitution outlines the principles and direction for artistic practice,while its programs and mechanisms can be revised through Xiqu organization.Externally,the Federation actively engages with peers,assists in education,and volunteers for disaster relief,resulting in an upgrade in the quality of its actors and positioning itself as a key force in societal renewal.Consequently,Xiqu has gained a degree of cultural mobility,gradually moving beyond the rigid framework of popular education.By organizing and analyzing historical materials related to the Shanghai Federation of Chinese Xiqu Artists,we uncover not only the historical details of Xiqu's occurrence and development during the Republican period but also the organizational perspective of re-examining the history of the Republican Opera.

关 键 词：上海伶界联合会 戏曲改良 戏曲同业组织 戏曲现代化 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]