高速列车轴装制动盘螺栓轴力影响因素探究  

Study on Affecting Factors of Axial Force of Fastening Bolts of Axle-mounted Brake Discs for High-speed Trains

作　　者：李志强[1] 韩辰 李岑[1] 李志龙 杨智勇[1] LI Zhiqiang;HAN Chen;LI Cen;LI Zhilong;YANG Zhiyong(School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《铁道学报》2024年第12期40-48,共9页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(2021JBM023);国家自然科学基金(52002018)。

摘　　要：制动盘紧固螺栓作为影响制动盘服役性能的关键零部件,其可靠性直接影响列车的运行安全。制动盘复杂的服役工况使得螺栓轴力时刻发生变化,研究制动盘在新造组装和后续服役过程中的螺栓轴力变化,对于指导结构设计、制造和运用有重要价值。针对某250 km/h高速列车轴装制动盘紧固螺栓,利用有限元仿真方法研究紧固件装配位置误差、制动热变形及定心环结构这三个因素对制动盘螺栓轴力的影响。结果表明:螺栓和套筒之间存在装配误差时,极端情况会使螺栓平均轴向应力增大10.6 MPa;在紧急制动工况下,制动热载荷会使螺栓发生0.112 mm的弯曲变形,制动过程中螺栓轴向应力最大增幅达20%;在垂向冲击载荷作用下,使用带定心环结构的制动盘可使螺栓径向弯曲变形量减小25%,轴向应力波动也有所降低。新造制动盘和服役后制动盘螺栓轴力的实测结果表明,装配误差会使制动盘螺栓轴力存在离散性,在服役一段时间后螺栓轴力也会发生变化。通过控制装配精度、使用定心环结构等方法可减小螺栓应力波动、降低服役失效风险。Fastening bolts for brake disc,as key components that affect the service performance of brake discs for high speed train,directly affect the running safety of the train with respect to their reliability.The complex service conditions of brake discs lead to constant changes in axial force of fastening bolts.Research on the changes in the axial force of brake disc fastening bolts during installation and service is of great significance for the design,manufacture and service of brake discs.In this paper,the axial force change of the brake disc bolts used for 250 km/h EMUs was investigated by using finite element method.Three factors of assembly error,thermal deformation during braking and structure with/without centering rings were investigated by means of simulation.The results show that the limit assembly error between the bolt and the sleeves can increase the bolt axial stress by 10.6 MPa evenly.The bending deformation of the bolt caused by thermal load under emergency braking conditions can reach 0.112 mm,with the maximum increase of bolt axial force reaching 20%during the entire braking process.Under the action of vertical impact load,the existence of the centering ring can reduce the radial bending deformation of the bolt by 25%and reduce the axial stress change.The measurement results of the bolt axial force of newly assembled bolts and used bolts indicate that bolt assembly errors and complex service conditions can cause changes in bolt axial force.The measures such as controlling the assembly accuracy of fasteners and setting the centering ring between disc and hub can reduce the bolt stress change and reduce the failure risk of the bolts.

关 键 词：螺栓轴力 装配误差 制动热变形 定心环 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]