2018—2023年中山市轮状病毒腹泻流行特征及轮状病毒疫苗保护效果研究  

Epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea and vaccine effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in Zhongshan City from 2018 to 2023

作　　者：叶世南[1] 王翠玲[1] 毛云霞[1] 钟杰发 吴雯 YE Shinan;WANG Cuiling;MAO Yunxia;ZHONG Jiefa;WU Wen(Zhongshan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan 528400,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东中山528400

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第12期1517-1522,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析中山市轮状病毒腹泻流行特征,评价接种轮状病毒疫苗对儿童的保护效果。方法对2018—2023年中山市轮状病毒腹泻监测资料进行描述性分析,采用病例对照研究评价轮状病毒疫苗对3~35月龄儿童的保护效果。采用Logistic回归分析轮状病毒疫苗接种资料,获取优势比,计算疫苗保护效果。检验水准α=0.05。结果2018—2023年中山市累计报告轮状病毒腹泻病例9810例,无死亡病例报告,年发病率为16.5/10万~103.6/10万,年均发病率为42.1/10万。病例以0~2岁儿童为主(72.2%),1至3月高发。3~35月龄儿童接种1剂和2剂口服轮状病毒活疫苗的保护效果分别为32%(95%CI:8%~50%)和51%(95%CI:2%~75%)。3~35月龄儿童接种1剂、2剂和3剂口服五价重配轮状病毒减毒活疫苗的保护效果分别为18%(95%CI:-83%~63%)、30%(95%CI:-28%~62%)和43%(95%CI:22%~58%)。结论2018—2023年中山市轮状病毒腹泻发病率较高,以0~2岁儿童为主。接种轮状病毒疫苗对预防儿童轮状病毒腹泻有保护作用。应采取多种措施防控轮状病毒腹泻,积极推动儿童接种轮状病毒疫苗。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in Zhongshan City and to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness(VE)of rotavirus vaccine in children.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze incidence data of rotavirus diarrhea in Zhongshan City from 2018 to 2023.A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the VE of rotavirus vaccine on children aged 3 to 35 months.The data of rotavirus vaccination were analyzed by Logistic regression to obtain the odds ratio and calculate the protective effect of the vaccine.The test levelα=0.05.Results A total of 9810 rotavirus diarrhea cases were reported in Zhongshan City from 2018 to 2023,and no death case was reported.The average annual incidence was 42.1/105,ranging from 16.5/105 to 103.6/105.The main population of rotavirus diarrhea was children aged 0 to 2 years(72.2%).January to March was the peak period of incidence.VE of Oral live rotavirus vaccine was 32%(95%CI:8%-50%)and 51%(95%CI:2%-75%)in children aged 3 to 35 months with one dose and two doses vaccinated,respectively.VE of Pentavalent oral live attenuated reassortant rotavirus vaccine was 18%(95%CI:-83%-63%)、30%(95%CI:-28%-62%)and 43%(95%CI:22%-58%)in children aged 3 to 35 months with one dose,two doses and three doses vaccinated,respectively.Conclusions The incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in Zhongshan was at a high level from 2018 to 2023.The main population of rotavirus diarrhea is children aged 0 to 2 years.Rotavirus vaccines are effective in preventing rotavirus diarrhoea in children.Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken,and vaccination of rotavirus vaccine in children should be actively promoted.

关 键 词：轮状病毒疫苗 流行特征 疫苗保护效果 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学]