2018—2022年南充市禽流感外环境监测及职业暴露人群血清学分析  

External environment monitoring of avian influenza and serological analysis of occupational exposed population in Nanchong City from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：陈枭[1] 赵林[1] 余丹 郭诗 CHEN Xiao;ZHAO Lin;YU Dan;GUO Shi(Nanchong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市疾病预防控制中心,四川南充637000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第12期1577-1583,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解南充市外环境中禽流感病毒(aivan influenza virus,AIV)的分布情况及职业暴露人群AIV的感染现状,为今后南充市人禽流感预测和预警、防控提供技术支持。方法于2018年10月至2022年12月,选取南充市9个县(市、区)部分城乡活禽市场、家禽规模养殖场、散养户、屠宰点作为监测对象,采集笼具表面擦拭、宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面擦拭、粪便、清洗禽类污水、禽类饮水及其他标本,采用Real-timePT-PCR方法进行禽流感病毒FluA核酸检测,阳性标本用实时荧光定量法进一步分H5、H7和H9亚型。2019—2022年每年1月采集从事家禽养殖、屠宰、销售等人群的血清样本,血凝抑制实验检测H9N2、H7N9、H5N1血清抗体。用Excel 2022和SPSS 26.0软件整理数据和统计分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果2018—2022年南充市共采集禽流感外环境标本606分,其中禽流感阳性194份,禽流感阳性率为32.02%(194/606),以H9为主(54.12%,105/194),高坪区和营山县阳性率最高(均为41.67%);不同年份、季度、场所、标本类型等标本阳性率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.18、8.93、89.91、63.65,P均<0.05),以2021年(38.79%)、第4季度(42.83%)、城乡活禽市场(48.12%)、宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面的擦拭标本(56.72%)阳性率最高。职业暴露人群80份血清H9N2、H7N9、H5N6抗体均为阴性。结论2018—2022年南充市相关外环境均暴露禽流感病毒,以H9亚型为主,城乡活禽市场阳性检出率较高,存在人感染禽流感风险,下一步应持续在重点场所开展病原学监测和加强高风险人群健康教育。Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza virus(AIV)in the external environment of Nanchong City and the current status of AIV infection among occupational exposed populations,and to provide technical support for future prediction,early warning,and prevention and control of human avian influenza in Nanchong City.Methods From October 2018 to December 2022,some urban and rural live poultry markets,large-scale poultry farms,free range breeders and slaughterhouses in 9 counties/cities/districts of Nanchong City were selected as monitoring objects.Smear samples of the surface of cages,smear samples of the killing or placing poultry cutting boards,feces,cleaning poultry wastewater,poultry drinking water and other samples were collected.Real time PT-PCR(polymerase chain reaction)method was used to detect the FluA nucleic acid of avian influenza virus,and positive samples were further classified into H5,H7 and H9 subtypes by real-time fluorescence quantification.From 2019 to 2022,serum samples were collected from individuals engaged in poultry breeding,slaughtering and sales in January each year.Hemagglutination inhibition experiments were performed to detect serum antibodies against H9N2,H7N9 and H5N1.Excel 2022 and SPSS 26.0 software were used to organize data and statistical analysis.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates,and P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 606 samples of avian influenza of external environment were collected in Nanchong City,of which 194 were positive for avian influenza virus,with a positive rate of 32.02%(194/606),mainly H9(54.12%,105/194).The positive rates were the highest in Gaoping District and Yingshan County(both 41.67%).There were significant differences in the positive rate among different years,seasons,places and sample types(χ^(2)=10.18,8.93,89.91,63.65,all P<0.05).The highest positive rates were found in 2021(38.79%),in the fourth quarter(42.83%),in urban and rural live poultry markets(48.12%),and on the

关 键 词：禽流感 外环境 职业暴露人群 

分 类 号：S852.6[农业科学—基础兽医学]