2023年重庆市江北区某中学校水痘暴发疫情调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of a varicella outbreak in a middle school in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City in 2023

作　　者：凌娟 任懿 罗淑星 熊丹 牟博媛 LING Juan;REN Yi;LUO Shuxing;XIONG Dan;MOU Boyuan(Jiangbei Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400000,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市江北区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400000

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2024年第6期358-362,369,共6页Occupational Health and Damage

基　　金：江北区科卫联合医学科研项目(项目编号:2023-277-1-26)。

摘　　要：目的分析2023年重庆市江北区某中学校一起水痘暴发疫情特征,为预防控制提供经验。方法采用《水痘病例流行病学调查表》对2023年发生在重庆市江北区某中学校的水痘暴发疫情的水痘病例开展流行病学调查,采用描述性流行病学方法分析流行病学特征,包括罹患率、临床表现、水痘疫苗接种情况等。使用统计软件SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,罹患率的比较使用χ^(2)检验,多个率的两两比较使用Bonferroni检验。检验水准α=0.05,两两比较时α′=α/3=0.017。结果该起水痘暴发疫情共报告病例49例,全校总罹患率为1.26%(49/3878)。7年级累计发病数最多(36例),罹患率为3.76%(36/957),8年级罹患率为0.94%(10/1066),高1年级罹患率为1.06%(3/284),不同年级水痘罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.117,P<0.001)。两两比较分析发现,7年级(3.76%)与高1年级(1.06%)罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.266,P<0.001),8年级(0.94%)与高1年级(1.06%)罹患率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.330,P=0.856)。7年级(3.76%)与8年级(0.94%)罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.094,P<0.001)。49例临床表现主要以出疹(49/49,100.00%)、发热(22/49,44.90%)为主,皮疹以疱疹(37/49,75.51%)为主,发疹部位以头颈部为主(38/49,77.55%)。男生25例,女生24例,男女性别比为1.24∶1,病例年龄在12~15岁之间。9人未接种水痘疫苗(18.37%);有水痘疫苗接种史27人(55.10%),不详13人(26.53%)。结论引起本轮疫情的原因是指示病例隔离期未满即返校上课,加之教室通风不畅,导致水痘暴发疫情。若感染学生隔离措施无法落实,将引起跨班级疫情发生,导致疫情难以在短时间内控制。Objective To analyze the characteristics of a varicella outbreak that occurred in a middle school in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City in 2023,and to provide experience for disease prevention and control.Methods The Epidemiological Investigation Form for Varicella Cases was used to conduct an epidemiological investigation among varicella cases in the varicella outbreak that occurred in the middle school in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City in 2023.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics,including the attack rate,clinical manifestations,the vaccination status of chickenpox vaccine.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0 statistical software.The difference in the attack rate was examined byχ^(2) test,and pairwise comparison of rates was examined by Bonferroni test.The test level wasα=0.05,andα’=α/3=0.017 when pairwise comparison.Results A total of 49 varicella cases were reported in this outbreak,with a total school attack rate of 1.26%(49/3878).The largest number of cumulative cases was found in grade 7,with 36 cases and an attack rate of 3.76%(36/957).The attack rate in grade 8 was 0.94%(10/1066),and 1.06%(3/284)in grade 1 of high school,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in the attack rate of varicella cases among different grades(χ^(2)=26.117,P=0.006).Pairwise comparison analysis found that there was a statistically significant difference in the attack rate between grade 7(3.76%)and grade 8(0.94%)(χ^(2)=18.094,P<0.001),grade 7(3.76%)and grade 1 of high school(1.06%)(χ^(2)=15.266,P<0.001),while there was no statistically significant difference in the pairwise comparison between grade 8(0.94%)and grade 1 of high school(1.06%)(χ^(2)=0.330,P=0.856).The clinical manifestations of the 49 cases were mainly rash(49/49,100%)and fever(22/49,44.90%),with herpes(37/49,75.51%)as the main rash.The rash mainly occurred on the head and neck(38/49,77.55%).There were 25 males and 24 females,with a gender ratio of 1.24∶1.The ag

关 键 词：中学校 水痘 暴发 分析 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]