2021—2023年石柱土家族自治县孕产妇艾滋病、梅毒、乙型肝炎感染状况分析  

Analysis on AIDS,syphilis and hepatitis B infection in pregnant women in Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County from 2021 to 2023

作　　者：谭小霞 TAN Xiaoxia(Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County,Chongqing 409100,China)

机构地区：[1]石柱土家族自治县妇幼保健院,重庆409100

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2024年第6期390-393,398,共5页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的分析2021—2023年石柱土家族自治县(简称“石柱县”)孕产妇艾滋病、梅毒、乙型肝炎感染情况,为实施母婴阻断、优生咨询和宣教提供依据。方法收集2021年1月1日至2023年12月31日在石柱县所有助产机构进行产检或住院分娩的孕产妇7251例,采集孕产妇空腹静脉血,采用胶体金法和化学发光法对艾滋病、梅毒、乙型肝炎(简称“艾梅乙”)进行检测。使用Excel 2013对数据进行整理,使用SPSS 22.0进行趋势χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2021—2023年7332例产检或住院分娩的孕产妇人数中,共对7251例开展“艾梅乙”检测,检测率为98.90%。其中,孕早期检测率为96.52%。2021—2023年“艾梅乙”孕早期检测率分别为97.92%、97.74%、93.37%,孕早期检测率呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=36.446,P<0.001)。2021—2023年共检测出艾滋病1例,年均阳性率为0.01%;共检测出梅毒38例,年均阳性率为0.52%,梅毒阳性率从2021年的0.26%上升到0.85%,阳性率呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=7.900,P=0.005);共检测出乙型肝炎265例,年均阳性率为3.65%,乙型肝炎阳性率从2021年的3.68%下降到2023年的3.17%,乙型肝炎阳性率变化趋势无统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=0.753,P=0.391)。结论2021—2023年石柱县“艾梅乙”孕早期检测率呈下降趋势,提示应加强孕产妇艾滋病、梅毒、乙型肝炎的教育和宣传,提高孕早期检测率,做到优生优育。Objective To analyze the infection status of AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome),syphilis and hepatitis B in pregnant women in Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County(hereinafter referred to as“Shizhu County”)from 2021 to 2023,and to provide basis for the implementation of mother-to-child block,eugenic consultation and health education.Methods Data on 7251 pregnant women who underwent antenatal examination or hospital deliveries in all midwifery institutions in Shizhu County were collected from January 1,2021 to December 31,2023.Fasting venous blood of pregnant women was collected to detect AIDS,syphilis and hepatitis B by colloidal gold method and chemiluminescence method.Excel 2013 was used to sort out the data and SPSS 22.0 was uesd to carry out trendχ^(2) test.The test level wasα=0.05.Results From 2021 to 2023,out of the 7332 females underwent antenatal examination or hospital deliveries,a total of 7251 cases were tested for AIDS,syphilis and hepatitis B,with a detection rate of 98.90%.Among them,the early pregnancy detection rate was 96.52%.The early pregnancy detection rates of AIDS,syphilis and hepatitis B from 2021 to 2023 were 97.92%,97.74%and 93.37%,respectively.The early pregnancy detection rates showed a downward trend(χ_( trend)^(2)=36.446,P<0.001).From 2021 to 2023,one case of AIDS was detected,with an average annual positive rate of 0.01%.A total of 38 cases of syphilis were detected,with an average annual positive rate of 0.52%.The positive rate of syphilis increased from 0.26%in 2021 to 0.85%in 2023,showing an upward trend(χ_(trend)^(2)=7.900,P=0.005).A total of 265 cases of hepatitis B were detected,with an average annual positive rate of 3.65%.The positive rate of hepatitis B decreased from 3.68%in 2021 to 3.17%in 2023,and the change trend of the positive rate of hepatitis B was not statistically significant(χ_(trend)^(2)=0.753,P=0.391).Conclusions The early pregnancy detection rates of AIDS,syphilis and hepatitis B from 2021 to 2023 in Shizhu County showed a downward rend.Health education

关 键 词：孕产妇 艾滋病 梅毒 乙型肝炎 感染 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]