从自我决定到因果负责的视位转换:被害人认识错误的承诺之效力判断标准  

The Perspective Change from Self-decision to Causal Responsibility: the Effect Judgmental Standard about the Promise of the Cognitive Mistake of a Victim

作　　者：王德政 WANG Dezheng(Law School of Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学法学院,成都610500

出　　处：《北方工业大学学报》2024年第5期146-155,共10页Journal of North China University of Technology

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目(21SFB4036)。

摘　　要：关于被害人认识错误的承诺之效力判断,德国、日本刑法学中有全面无效说、法益错误说和条件关系错误说,其理论根据都在于保护被害人得知真相后的自主权,也都存在缺陷,但可将“谁种因、谁得果”的自然法原理作为新的理论根据推导出因果负责说,其内容为:如果行为人故意或过失地实施行为导致被害人发生认识错误,应由行为人承担被害人承诺无效的不利后果;如果被害人自我产生认识错误,应由被害人自己承担承诺有效的不利后果。应根据认识错误的不同对象将被害人认识错误的承诺分为:被害人对法益侵害主体的认识错误、被害人对法益侵害行为的认识错误、被害人对法益侵害结果的认识错误、被害人对法益侵害行为与法益侵害结果之间因果关系的认识错误、动机错误,应在上述具体错误类型中分别运用因果负责说。There are comprehensive ineffectiveness theory,legal interest mistake theory and condition relation mistake theory about effect standard of the promise of the cognitive mistake of a victim in German and Japanese circle of criminal law.The common base of these theories is protecting the autonomous right of a victim after he knows the truth.However,they all have some severe defects.But we can consider the principal of natural law of“who sets the reason,who gets the result”to be a new base,from which can deduce the theory of cause and result responsibility.Its content is that if the conductor intentionally or negligently carries out the conduct and causes the cognitive mistake of victim,the conductor should bear the adverse consequence of the invalidity of the victim's promise;if the victim makes a cognitive mistake,the victim should bear the unfavorable consequence of the validity of the promise.According to the different objects of cognitive mistakes,the victim's promise of the cognitive mistake should be divided into as follows:the victim's cognitional mistake about the subjects harming legal interests,the victim's cognitional mistake about the conducts harming legal interests,the victim's cognitional mistake about the results of harming legal interests,the victim's cognitional mistake about the causal relationship between the conducts and results of harming legal interests and motive mistake.The theory of cause and result responsibility should be used in these concrete types of cognitive mistakes.

关 键 词：被害人承诺 被害人同意 认识错误 法益错误 动机错误 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]