《国家通用语言文字法》研究的回顾与思考  

A Review and Reflection on the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language

作　　者：张振达 Zhang Zhenda

机构地区：[1]教育部语言文字应用研究所,北京100010

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2025年第1期36-43,共8页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

摘　　要：《国家通用语言文字法》是中国语言生活依法治理的基础。该法自公布、施行至今25年,对该法的研究可分为法律解读、“良法”讨论、“善治”转向3个时期,呈现语言研究和法律研究两类视角。学界对该法的角色地位、主要功能、对象范围、特点原则等达成了基本共识,在以下方面则尚存争论:“国家通用语言文字”的概念及界定,汉语拼音的地位性质与使用范围,语言权利和义务,“软法”属性,“非通用语言文字”立法,外国语言文字的使用及其规范。面对新时代语言文字法治建设要求,需要在以下方面做好《国家通用语言文字法》的修订工作:(1)科学研判,深究法理依据;(2)与时俱进,修订法律规定;(3)系统落地,对接执法司法;(4)共享共治,增强法治意识。The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language serves as the fundamental framework of the legal governance of language use in China.Since its promulgation and implementation 25 years ago,research on this law can be categorized into three distinct periods:legal interpretation,“good law(良法)”discussion,and a shift towards“good governance(善治)”.These studies refl ect two main perspectives:linguistic research and legal research.The academia in China has largely reached a consensus on the law’s role,primary functions,scope of application,characteristics,and principles.However,debates remain on the following aspects:the conceptualization and defi nition of“national common language and script”,the status.nature and usage scope of Hanyu Pinyin,language rights and obligations,the nature of“soft law”,legislation for non-common languages and writing systems,and the use and regulation of foreign languages.Considering the new requirements for the legal governance of language of the new era,the article suggests the following key areas for revisions to the law:(1)Conducting thorough scientifi c analysis and in-depth exploration of the legal basis;(2)Updating legal provisions in line with contemporary developments;(3)Ensuring systematic implementation and alignment with enforcement and judiciary processes;(4)Promoting shared governance and enhance legal awareness.

关 键 词：《国家通用语言文字法》 语言文字法治建设 语言立法 语言规划 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]