人道主义的道德哲学观——《存在主义是一种人道主义》的一种解读  

The Moral Philosophy of Humanitarianism:An interpretation of Existentialism Is An Humanism

作　　者：李巍 LI Wei(School of Literature and Media,Huizhou University,Huizhou,Guangdong 516007,China)

机构地区：[1]惠州学院文学与传媒学院,广东惠州516007

出　　处：《肇庆学院学报》2025年第1期33-39,共7页Journal of Zhaoqing University

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目(22FZWB088)。

摘　　要：存在主义是一种人道主义,但不是以人为最高价值最终目的的传统人道主义,它指向的是超越性的人道主义。存在主义以彻底的理性揭示了人的真实处境,将自由和荒诞一同还给了主体。归还的自由和荒诞带来了各种道德诘难,如无政府主义、虚无主义以及非人道主义。存在主义对真实处境的揭示带来了痛苦和绝望,但这是其走向真正人道主义的关键。痛苦源于主体逃无可逃的责任,每种选择都对应着一种责任,自由导致主体再也不能找任何理由来规避它。在存在先于本质的世界,任何宏大叙事都是不可靠的,主体只能将自由本身当作目的,由此当它追求自由时,势必也会为了其他主体的自由而奋斗。荒诞带来的彻底绝望则势必促使存在主义者摆脱对任何“隐蔽上帝”的期望,它只能通过具体行动走向对自我的超越,而这将带来真正的人道主义的改变。Existentialism is a type of humanitarianism,but it is not the traditional humanitarianism that prioritizes human beings.It points to transcendent humanitarianism.Existentialism reveals the true situation of human beings and returns both freedom and absurdity to the subject.Freedom and absurdity bring various moral challenges,such as anarchism,nihilism,and inhumanity.Existentialism's exposure of the real situation does bring pain and despair,but they are the key to moving towards true humanitarianism.Pain arises from the unavoidable responsibility of the subject,and each choice corresponds to a responsibility.The freedom of the subject means that it can no longer find any reason to avoid it.In a world where existence precedes essence,any grand narrative is unreliable and the subject can only regard freedom itself as an end.Therefore,when the subject pursues freedom,it will inevitably struggle for the freedom of other subjects.Despair will lead existentialists to break free from all expectations,namely expectations for various hidden gods.The subject can only achieve self-transcendence through concrete actions,which will bring about true humanitarian change.

关 键 词：萨特 存在主义 人道主义 自由 道德 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学]