泄流槽型式对涌浪激发冰碛坝溃决过程的影响  

Experimental investigation of breaching process of moraine dam with different breach-notch shapes due to surge wave of glacier avlanches

作　　者：路锦枝 郭新蕾[1] 茅泽育 LU Jinzhi;GUO Xinlei;MAO Zeyu(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]清华大学土木水利学院,北京100084

出　　处：《水科学进展》2024年第6期983-992,共10页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2243221);流域水循环与水安全全国重点实验室自由探索课题(SKL2024YJTS09)。

摘　　要：为研究初始泄流槽槽型对冰崩涌浪激发冰碛坝溃决过程的影响规律,基于嘉隆错冰湖典型特征参数,选取梯形、三角形及复式泄流槽3种工况开展冰碛坝溃决模型试验,分析溃口峰值流量和坝体横向及垂向侵蚀发展过程的变化。结果表明:冰崩体入水后涌浪呈现近似孤立波形态传播,反复冲刷坝体背水侧至形成完整泄流通道后,坝前已较难观察到明显涌浪,后续溃决发展类似于水位上涨式漫顶溢流溃决,溃口发生垂向下切和横向扩宽;3种工况下泄流槽槽型对峰值流量和断面侵蚀率的影响分别不超过3.05%和18.50%。研究成果有助于理解涌浪激发溃坝过程机理及水土作用下坝体的侵蚀发展与溃口拓展过程。To investigate the impact of breach-notch shape on the failure process of moraine dams triggered by glacier avalanche surge waves,flume experiments on dam failure were conducted based on the characteristic parameters of the Jialongcuo glacial lake.Three conditions were selected:trapezoidal,triangular,and composite notches.The experiments analyzed the variations in peak discharge and the development of lateral and vertical erosion of the moraine dam body during dam-breaching process.The results indicate that after the glacier avalanche enters the water,the waves propagate in a shape resembling solitary waves.They repeatedly scour the downstream of the dam until a complete spillway channel is formed.After this,it becomes difficult to observe significant waves in front of the dam,and the subsequent failure development resembles a rising water overflow breach,with vertical deepening and lateral widening of the breach occurring.Under the three conditions,the influence of breach-notch shape on peak discharge and cross-sectional erosion rate does not exceed 3.05%and 18.50%,respectively.The research findings help in understanding the mechanisms of wave-induced dam failure and the erosion development and breach expansion processes of the moraine dam body.

关 键 词：冰湖溃决 涌浪激发 泄流槽槽型 坝体侵蚀 峰值流量 

分 类 号：TV8[水利工程—水利水电工程]